Pythagorean comma: Difference between revisions

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Perhaps it is useful to keep this paragraph headed, not part of the intro
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{{Wikipedia| Pythagorean comma }}
{{Wikipedia| Pythagorean comma }}


The '''Pythagorean comma''' or '''ditonic comma''' is the interval with the ratio '''531441/524288''' ([[monzo]]: {{monzo| -19 12 }}). It is the amount by which twelve [[3/2|fifths]] exceed seven [[2/1|octaves]], or in other words (3/2)<sup>12</sup>/2<sup>7</sup>. It also can be written as the ratio between the apotome and limma, ([[2187/2048]])/([[256/243]]), and as the ratio between the Pythagorean augmented fourth and the Pythagorean diminished fifth, ([[729/512]])/([[1024/729]]). In addition, it is also the difference between six [[9/8]] major seconds and an octave.
The '''Pythagorean comma''' or '''ditonic comma''' is the interval with the ratio '''531441/524288''' ([[monzo]]: {{monzo| -19 12 }}). It is the amount by which twelve [[3/2|fifths]] exceed seven [[2/1|octaves]], or in other words (3/2)<sup>12</sup>/2<sup>7</sup>. It also can be written as the ratio between the apotome and limma, ([[2187/2048]])/([[256/243]]), and as the ratio between the Pythagorean augmented fourth and the Pythagorean diminished fifth, ([[729/512]])/([[1024/729]]). In addition, it is also the difference between six [[9/8]] major seconds - an augmented seventh - and an octave.


In [[Pythagorean tuning]] or tunings close to it, this interval is an ''inverse'' diminished second. This is because adding Pythagorean commas makes the interval go up in pitch, down the scale. This apparently counterintuitive notion is a result of just fifths naturally producing a [[TAMNAMS #Step ratio spectrum|hard-of-basic]] [[5L 2s|diatonic]] scale, which means that the [[chromatic semitone]] is wider, not narrower, than the [[diatonic semitone]].
== Importance in diatonic ==
In [[Pythagorean tuning]] or tunings close to it, this interval is a ''negative'' diminished second. This is because adding Pythagorean commas makes the interval go up in pitch, down the scale. This apparently counterintuitive notion is a result of just fifths naturally producing a [[TAMNAMS #Step ratio spectrum|hard-of-basic]] [[5L 2s|diatonic]] scale, which means that the [[chromatic semitone]] is wider, not narrower, than the [[diatonic semitone]].


== Temperaments ==
== Temperaments ==
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Edos with a fifth flatter than the 12edo fifth, such as [[19edo]] and [[31edo]], map the Pythagorean comma negatively, and thus have a positive diminished second (also known as a [[diesis (scale theory)|diesis]]). The majority of these edos support [[meantone]], which equates the Pythagorean major third [[81/64]] to the 5-limit major third [[5/4]].  
Edos with a fifth flatter than the 12edo fifth, such as [[19edo]] and [[31edo]], map the Pythagorean comma negatively, and thus have a positive diminished second (also known as a [[diesis (scale theory)|diesis]]). The majority of these edos support [[meantone]], which equates the Pythagorean major third [[81/64]] to the 5-limit major third [[5/4]].  


Since it is reached by 12 fifths, a highly composite number, there are many temperaments that split this comma whilst keeping fifths unsplit. Notably:  
Since it is reached by 12 fifths, a highly composite number, there are many temperaments that split this comma whilst keeping fifths unsplit, splitting octaves instead. Notably:  
* [[Kalismic]], splitting it into 2 [[2835/2816|fwiwismas]].
* [[Kalismic]], splitting it into 2 [[2835/2816|fwiwismas]].
* [[Landscape]], splitting it into 3 [[225/224|marvel commas]].
* [[Landscape]], splitting it into 3 [[225/224|marvel commas]].
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== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Mercator's comma]], the difference between 53 perfect fifths and 31 octaves
* [[Mercator's comma]], the difference between 53 perfect fifths and 31 octaves
* [[41-comma]], the difference between 65 octaves and 41 perfect fifths
* [[Gallery of just intervals]]
* [[Gallery of just intervals]]
* [[Small comma]]
* [[Small comma]]