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19edo chords: Difference between revisions

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In contrast to [[12edo]] chords, [[19edo]] has four instead of the usual two main tertian chord qualities which opens up completely new territory for eager musicians/microtonalists to explore.
In contrast to [[12edo]] chords, [[19edo]] has four instead of the usual two main tertian chord qualities, which opens up completely new territory for eager musicians/microtonalists to explore.


19edo approximates intervals with factors of 2 ([[2/1]]), 3 ([[3/2]]), 5 ([[5/4]], [[5/3]], [[6/5]]) and 7 ([[7/6]], [[7/4]], [[27/14]]) quite well. This essentially means that normal chords – like in 12edo – can be represented nicely in 19edo.
19edo approximates intervals with factors of 2 ([[2/1]]), 3 ([[3/2]]), 5 ([[5/4]], [[5/3]], [[6/5]]), and some intervals involving 7 ([[9/7]], [[27/14]]) quite well. This essentially means that normal chords, like in 12edo, can be represented nicely in 19edo.


Despite that enharmonics work differently in 19edo, pitches can be written down with standard notation.
Despite that [[enharmonic equivalence]] works differently in 19edo, pitches can be written down with [[Chain-of-fifths notation|standard notation]].


== Triads ==
== Triads ==
Note that the cent values of the intervals are approximated. For detailed numbers, see [[19edo]].
Note that the cent values of the intervals are approximated. For detailed numbers, see [[19edo]].
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chord name
! Chord name
! Symbol
! Symbol
!Notes
! Notes
! Steps
! Steps
! Cents
! Cents
Line 17: Line 18:
| Major
| Major
| C
| C
|C E G
| C–E–G
| 0-6-11
| 0–6–11
| 0-379-695
| 0–379–695
| [[File:C_(19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:C_(19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| Minor
| Minor
| Cm, C-
| Cm, Cmin
|C Eb G
| C–E♭–G
| 0-5-11
| 0–5–11
| 0-316-695
| 0–316–695
| [[File:Cm (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Cm (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| SuperMajor
| Supermajor,<br />Major sharp 3
| Csmaj
| Csmaj, Csaj, CS, C(♯3), Cmaj(♯3)
|C E# G
| C–E♯–G
| 0-7-11
| 0–7–11
| 0-442-695
| 0–442–695
| [[File:Csmaj (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Csmaj (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| SubMinor
| Subminor,<br />Minor flat 3
| Csmin
| Csmin, Csin, Cs, Cmin(♭3)
|C Ebb G
| C–E𝄫–G
| 0-4-11
| 0–4–11
| 0-253-695
| 0–253–695
| [[File:Csmin (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Csmin (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| sus4
| Sus4
| Csus4
| Csus4
|C F G
| C–F–G
| 0-8-11
| 0–8–11
| 0-505-695
| 0–505–695
| [[File:Csus4 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Csus4 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| sus2
| Sus2
| Csus2
| Csus2
|C D G
| C–D–G
| 0-3-11
| 0–3–11
| 0-189-695
| 0–189–695
| [[File:Csus2 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Csus2 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| Diminished
| Diminished
| Cdim, C°
| Cdim, C°
|C Eb Gb
| C–E♭–G♭
| 0-5-10
| 0–5–10
| 0-316-632
| 0–316–632
| [[File:Cdim (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Cdim (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| Augmented
| Harmonic diminished,
| Caug, C+
Otonal diminished
|C E G#
| Cm(𝄫5), Cmin(𝄫5), Cd+
| 0-6-12
| C–E♭–G𝄫
| 0-379-758
| 0–5–9
| 0–316–568
| {{Todo|inline=1| add audio }}
|-
| Augmented, Magic
| Caug, C+, CJ
| C–E–G♯
| 0–6–12
| 0–379–758
| [[File:Caug (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Caug (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|}
|}
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=== Major chords ===
=== Major chords ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chord name
! Chord name
! Symbol
! Symbol
!Notes
! Notes
! Steps
! Steps
! Cents
! Cents
Line 85: Line 95:
|-
|-
| Major seventh
| Major seventh
| Cmaj7
| Cmaj7, CM7
|C E G B
| C–E–G–B
| 0-6-11-17
| 0–6–11–17
| 0-379-695-1074
| 0–379–695–1074
| [[File:Cmaj7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Cmaj7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| Dominant seventh
| Dominant seventh
| C7
| C7
|C E G Bb
| C–E–G–B♭
| 0-6-11-16
| 0–6–11–16
| 0-379-695-1011
| 0–379–695–1011
| [[File:C7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:C7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| Harmonic seventh
| Harmonic seventh,
| Ch7
Major subminor seventh
|C E G Bbb
| Ch7, C(s7), C(𝄫7)
| 0-6-11-15
| C–E–G–B𝄫
| 0-379-695-947
| 0–6–11–15
| 0–379–695–947
| [[File:Ch7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Ch7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| Sixth
| Major sixth
| C6
| C6
|C E G A
| C–E–G–A
| 0-6-11-14
| 0–6–11–14
| 0-379-695-884
| 0–379–695–884
| [[File:C6 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:C6 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|}
|}
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=== Minor chords ===
=== Minor chords ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chord name
! Chord name
! Symbol
! Symbol
Line 125: Line 137:
| 0-5-11-16
| 0-5-11-16
| 0-316-695-1011
| 0-316-695-1011
|[[File:Cm7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Cm7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| Minor major seventh
| Minor major seventh
| Cmmaj7
| Cmmaj7, CmM7
| 0-5-11-17
| 0-5-11-17
| 0-316-695-1074
| 0-316-695-1074
|[[File:Cmmaj7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Cmmaj7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
|Minor augmented six
| Minor augmented sixth
|Cm+6
| Cm+6, Cm(S6), Cm(♯6)
|0-5-11-15
| 0-5-11-15
|0-316-695-947
| 0-316-695-947
|[[File:Cm+6 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Cm+6 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| Minor six
| Minor sixth
| Cm6
| Cm6
| 0-5-11-14
| 0-5-11-14
| 0-316-695-884
| 0-316-695-884
|[[File:Cm6 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Cm6 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| Minor seven flat six (NT aeolian seven)
| Minor seven flat six (NT aeolian seven)
| Cm7(b6) [Faeol7]
| Cm7(♭6) [Faeol7]
| 0-5-13-16
| 0-5-13-16
| 0-316-821-1011
| 0-316-821-1011
Line 154: Line 166:
=== Supermajor chords ===
=== Supermajor chords ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chord name
! Chord name
! Symbol
! Symbol
Line 161: Line 174:
|-
|-
| Supermajor seventh
| Supermajor seventh
| Csmaj7
| Csmaj7, Csaj7, CS(S7), Cmaj7(♯3, ♯7)
| 0-7-11-18
| 0-7-11-18
| 0-442-695-1137
| 0-442-695-1137
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=== Subminor chords ===
=== Subminor chords ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chord name
! Chord name
! Symbol
! Symbol
Line 176: Line 190:
|-
|-
| Subminor seventh
| Subminor seventh
| Csmin7
| Csmin7, Csin7, Cs(s7), Cs(𝄫7), Cmin7(♭3, ♭7)
| 0-4-11-15
| 0-4-11-15
| 0-253-695-947
| 0-253-695-947
Line 190: Line 204:
! Audio
! Audio
|-
|-
| Diminished seven<br>(fully diminished)
| Diminished seventh<br>(fully diminished)
| Cdim7, C°7
| Cdim7, C°7
| 0-5-10-15
| 0-5-10-15
| 0-316-632-947
| 0-316-632-947
|[[File:Cdim7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Cdim7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| Minor seven flat five<br>(half-diminished)
| Minor seven flat five<br>(half-diminished)
| Cm7(b5), Cø7
| Cm7(♭5), Cø7
| 0-5-10-16
| 0-5-10-16
| 0-316-632-1011
| 0-316-632-1011
|[[File:Cm7b5 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Cm7b5 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|}
|}


=== Augmented chords ===
=== Augmented chords ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chord name
! Chord name
! Symbol
! Symbol
Line 211: Line 226:
! Audio
! Audio
|-
|-
| Augmented seven
| Augmented seven, Magic seven
| Caug7, C+7, C7#5
| Caug(7), CJ(7), C+(7), C7(♯5)
| 0-6-12-16
| 0-6-12-16
| 0-379-758-1011
| 0-379-758-1011
| [[File:Caug7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Caug7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| Major seven sharp five
| Supermajor seven sharp five, Magic supermajor seventh, Magic sharp seven, Augmented sharp seven, Augmented supermajor seventh, Major sharp five sharp seven
| Cmaj7#5
| Csmaj7(♯5), Csaj7(♯5), CJ(S7), Caug(♯7), Cmaj(♯5, ♯7)
| 0-6-12-18
| 0-6-12-18
| 0-379-758-1137
| 0-379-758-1137
Line 225: Line 240:


== Pentads (ninth chords) ==
== Pentads (ninth chords) ==
=== Major chords ===
=== Major chords ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chord name
! Symbol
! Steps
! Cents
! Audio
|-
| Major ninth
| Cmaj9, CM9
| 0-6-11-17-22
| 0-379-695-1074-1389
| [[File:Cmaj9 (19-EDO).mp3| frameless]]
|-
| Dominant ninth
| C9
| 0-6-11-16-22
| 0-379-695-1011-1389
| [[File:C9 (19-EDO).mp3| frameless]]
|-
| Dominant seven flat nine
| C7(♭9)
| 0-6-11-16-21
| 0-379-695-1011-1326
| [[File:C7b9 (19-EDO).mp3| frameless]]
|-
| Harmonic ninth,
Major subminor seven nine
| Ch9, C(s7, 9), C(𝄫7, 9)
| 0-6-11-15-22
| 0-379-695-947-1389
| [[File:Ch9 (19-EDO).mp3| frameless]]
|-
| Harmonic seven flat nine
Major subminor seven flat nine
| Ch7(♭9), C(s7, ♭9), C(𝄫7, ♭9)
| 0-6-11-15-21
| 0-379-695-947-1326
| [[File:Ch7b9 (19-EDO).mp3| frameless]]
|}
== Ups and downs notation ==
Various [[19edo]] triads, 6th and 7th chords, named via [[Ups and downs notation|ups and downs]]. Not meant to be exhaustive, but this list does demonstrate the basic rules for naming. The aug 6th and the dim 7th are the same interval, and chords that use that interval can be named as either a 6th chord or a 7th chord.
Highly implausible chords are written as a more plausible [[Chord homonym|homonym]], e.g. 0-8-12 = C4(a5) becomes 8-12-19 = F(d3). "a" stands for augmented and "d" stands for diminished.


=== Major chords ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Chord name
!Symbol
!Steps
!Cents
!Audio
|-
|-
|Major ninth
! colspan="2" |third ---->
|Cmaj9
! d3
|0-6-11-17-22
! m3
|0-379-695-1074-1389
! M3
|[[File:Cmaj9 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
! a3/d4
! P4
|-
! colspan="2" |Triads with P5
| C(d3)
| Cm
| C
| C(a3)
| C4
|-
|-
|Dominant ninth
! rowspan="2" |Other
|C9
triads
|0-6-11-16-22
!d5
|0-379-695-1011-1389
|Cd(d3)
|[[File:C9 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|Cd
|C(b5)
|C(a3b5)
|C4(b5)
|-
|-
|Dominant seven flat nine
!a5
|C7(b9)
|''G#(a3)''
|0-6-11-16-21
|''G#a(a3)''
|0-379-695-1011-1326
|Ca
|[[File:C7b9 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|Ca(a3)
|''F(d3)''
|-
|-
|Harmonic ninth
! rowspan="5" |Tetrads
with a
 
P5
! M6
| C6(d3)
| Cm6
| C6
| C6(a3)
| C4,6
|-
! A6
d7
| C(d3)#6
C(d3)d7
| Cm#6
Cmd7
| C,#6
C,d7
| C(a3)#6
C(a3)d7
| C4#6
C4d7
|-
! m7
| C7(d3)
| Cm7
| C7
| C7(a3)
| C4,7
|-
! M7
| CM7(d3)
| CmM7
| CM7
| CM7(a3)
| C4M7
|-
! A7
| Ca7(d3)
| Cm#7
| C,#7
| C(a3)#7
| C4#7
|}
 
A comma (the actual punctuation mark ",") is spoken as "add", thus C,v7 is "C add-down-seven". The only exception is when a comma separates two numbers, as in C4,7 which is "C four-seven". A comma is written, and "add" is spoken, whenever not doing so would cause confusion with another chord.
 
4:5:6:7 = C E G vBb is named C add-dim7. To get a shorter name for this important chord, one could call it a harmonic7 chord, or one could borrow from [[color notation]] to call it a har7 chord, written Ch7. Names for subharmonic chords can be similarly shortened.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chord
! Notes
! colspan="2" | Ups and downs name
! colspan="2" | Color name
|-
| 4:5:6:7
| C E G Bbb
| C add-dim-7
| C,d7
| C har7
| Ch7
|-
|4:5:6:7:9
|C E G Bbb D
|C nine dim-7
|C9(d7)
|C har9
|Ch9
|Ch9
|0-6-11-15-22
|0-379-695-947-1389
|[[File:Ch9 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
|Harmonic seven flat nine
| 7:6:5:4
|Ch7(b9)
| C Ebb Gbb Bbb
|0-6-11-15-21
| C dim-3 dim-7 double-dim5
|0-379-695-947-1326
| C(d3)d7(dd5)
|[[File:Ch7b9 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| C sub7
| Cs7
|-
| 12:10:8:7
| C Eb G A#
| C minor sharp-6
| Cm#6
| C sub6
| Cs6
|-
|9:7:6:5:4
|C E# G Bb D
|C nine aug-3
|C9(a3)
|Csub9
|Cs9
|}
|}
== See also ==
* [[15edo chord names]]
* [[22edo chord names]]
* [[24edo chord names]]
* [[31edo chord names]]
* [[41edo chord names]]
* [[Kite Guitar chord shapes (downmajor tuning)]]
[[Category:19edo]]
[[Category:19edo]]
[[Category:Chords]]
[[Category:Chords]]
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