Xenharmonic Wiki

List of approaches to musical tuning

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<span style="display: block; text-align: right;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">[[調律方法|日本語]]</span>
</span>
<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Below is a partial list of currently-established theories and approaches related to tuning.</span>
* [[JustIntonation|Just Intonation]]: The tuning of pitches so that their fundamental frequencies are related by ratios of whole numbers. An infinite world of numerous models: the harmonic series, integer frequency ratios, tonality diamonds, eikosany, Fokker blocks etc.
* [[Generalized overtone tuning]]: An approach similar to just intonation, but using an instrument's actual, non-harmonic overtone spectrum (e.g the partials of a metal bar, drum head, or synthesized timbre) to relate frequencies instead of the harmonic series.
* [[xenharmonic/Equal Temperaments|Equal tuning]]: Tunings that use a single interval (and combinations thereof) to form a subtle monoculture of intervals.
* [[Historical Western Temperaments]]: The (somewhat forgotten) use of [[xenharmonic/Meantone|meantone tunings]] and [[circulating temperaments]] in Western common practice music.
* Musical traditions of indigenous, ancient, and/or non-Western cultures
** [[Arabic, Turkish, Persian]]
** [[Indian]] (North, South)
** [[African]]
** Thai
** [[Pre-Columbian South American Music|Pre-Columbian South American]] (e.g. Maya, Inca, Aztec..)
** [[Indonesian]] (Java, Bali)
** Ancient Greek, [[http://orthodoxwiki.org/Byzantine_Chant#The_scale|Byzantine]]
* [[Regular Temperaments]]: (including Linear Temperaments): a centuries-old practice that has recently undergone a mathematical facelift, in which Just Intonation is selectively and regularly detuned in various ways, to better meet a variety of compositional desires
* [[MOSScales|Moment of Symmetry]]: Tunings (or better, scales) that use iterations of a generating interval, modulo a period interval, to produce scales of two step-sizes.
* [[Empirical]]: This is a form of hands-on field research as opposed to a form of acoustical or scale engineering, where tunings are specifically derived from listening and playing experiments carried out in the pitch continuum.
* [[tetrachord|Tetrachordal Scales]]: the use of divided fourths as building blocks for composition.
* [[isoharmonic chords|Isoharmonic chords/scales]]
* [[Pretty Pictures]] that represent scales in one way or another
* [[Notation]] (pretty pictures for the purpose of writing music down)
** [[Nominal-Accidental Chains]] A common approach to notation
* the notion of a [[Scalesmith]] who //builds// scales, with various methods, perhaps for single occasions
** Mathematically based scales
** Acoustically-based scales (resonant frequencies of performance space, for example)
** Scale transformation and stretching
** Counter-intuitive, random, arbitrary scales

Original HTML content:

<html><head><title>Approaches to Musical Tuning</title></head><body><span style="display: block; text-align: right;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><a class="wiki_link" href="/%E8%AA%BF%E5%BE%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95">日本語</a></span><br />
</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Below is a partial list of currently-established theories and approaches related to tuning.</span><br />
<ul><li><a class="wiki_link" href="/JustIntonation">Just Intonation</a>: The tuning of pitches so that their fundamental frequencies are related by ratios of whole numbers. An infinite world of numerous models: the harmonic series, integer frequency ratios, tonality diamonds, eikosany, Fokker blocks etc.</li><li><a class="wiki_link" href="/Generalized%20overtone%20tuning">Generalized overtone tuning</a>: An approach similar to just intonation, but using an instrument's actual, non-harmonic overtone spectrum (e.g the partials of a metal bar, drum head, or synthesized timbre) to relate frequencies instead of the harmonic series.</li><li><a class="wiki_link" href="http://xenharmonic.wikispaces.com/Equal%20Temperaments">Equal tuning</a>: Tunings that use a single interval (and combinations thereof) to form a subtle monoculture of intervals.</li><li><a class="wiki_link" href="/Historical%20Western%20Temperaments">Historical Western Temperaments</a>: The (somewhat forgotten) use of <a class="wiki_link" href="http://xenharmonic.wikispaces.com/Meantone">meantone tunings</a> and <a class="wiki_link" href="/circulating%20temperaments">circulating temperaments</a> in Western common practice music.</li><li>Musical traditions of indigenous, ancient, and/or non-Western cultures<ul><li><a class="wiki_link" href="/Arabic%2C%20Turkish%2C%20Persian">Arabic, Turkish, Persian</a></li><li><a class="wiki_link" href="/Indian">Indian</a> (North, South)</li><li><a class="wiki_link" href="/African">African</a></li><li>Thai</li><li><a class="wiki_link" href="/Pre-Columbian%20South%20American%20Music">Pre-Columbian South American</a> (e.g. Maya, Inca, Aztec..)</li><li><a class="wiki_link" href="/Indonesian">Indonesian</a> (Java, Bali)</li><li>Ancient Greek, <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://orthodoxwiki.org/Byzantine_Chant#The_scale" rel="nofollow">Byzantine</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="wiki_link" href="/Regular%20Temperaments">Regular Temperaments</a>: (including Linear Temperaments): a centuries-old practice that has recently undergone a mathematical facelift, in which Just Intonation is selectively and regularly detuned in various ways, to better meet a variety of compositional desires</li><li><a class="wiki_link" href="/MOSScales">Moment of Symmetry</a>: Tunings (or better, scales) that use iterations of a generating interval, modulo a period interval, to produce scales of two step-sizes.</li><li><a class="wiki_link" href="/Empirical">Empirical</a>: This is a form of hands-on field research as opposed to a form of acoustical or scale engineering, where tunings are specifically derived from listening and playing experiments carried out in the pitch continuum.</li><li><a class="wiki_link" href="/tetrachord">Tetrachordal Scales</a>: the use of divided fourths as building blocks for composition.</li><li><a class="wiki_link" href="/isoharmonic%20chords">Isoharmonic chords/scales</a></li><li><a class="wiki_link" href="/Pretty%20Pictures">Pretty Pictures</a> that represent scales in one way or another</li><li><a class="wiki_link" href="/Notation">Notation</a> (pretty pictures for the purpose of writing music down)<ul><li><a class="wiki_link" href="/Nominal-Accidental%20Chains">Nominal-Accidental Chains</a> A common approach to notation</li></ul></li><li>the notion of a <a class="wiki_link" href="/Scalesmith">Scalesmith</a> who <em>builds</em> scales, with various methods, perhaps for single occasions<ul><li>Mathematically based scales</li><li>Acoustically-based scales (resonant frequencies of performance space, for example)</li><li>Scale transformation and stretching</li><li>Counter-intuitive, random, arbitrary scales</li></ul></li></ul></body></html>
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