31edo: Difference between revisions

Wikispaces>genewardsmith
**Imported revision 216456090 - Original comment: **
Wikispaces>genewardsmith
**Imported revision 216456556 - Original comment: **
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<h2>IMPORTED REVISION FROM WIKISPACES</h2>
<h2>IMPORTED REVISION FROM WIKISPACES</h2>
This is an imported revision from Wikispaces. The revision metadata is included below for reference:<br>
This is an imported revision from Wikispaces. The revision metadata is included below for reference:<br>
: This revision was by author [[User:genewardsmith|genewardsmith]] and made on <tt>2011-04-02 12:48:00 UTC</tt>.<br>
: This revision was by author [[User:genewardsmith|genewardsmith]] and made on <tt>2011-04-02 12:51:06 UTC</tt>.<br>
: The original revision id was <tt>216456090</tt>.<br>
: The original revision id was <tt>216456556</tt>.<br>
: The revision comment was: <tt></tt><br>
: The revision comment was: <tt></tt><br>
The revision contents are below, presented both in the original Wikispaces Wikitext format, and in HTML exactly as Wikispaces rendered it.<br>
The revision contents are below, presented both in the original Wikispaces Wikitext format, and in HTML exactly as Wikispaces rendered it.<br>
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* &lt;span class="wiki_link_ext"&gt;[[http://www.huygens-fokker.org/docs/rap31.html|Rapoport, Paul, ''About 31-tone Equal Temperament]]&lt;/span&gt; [[http://www.webcitation.org/5xeGH4uBH|Permalink]]
* &lt;span class="wiki_link_ext"&gt;[[http://www.huygens-fokker.org/docs/rap31.html|Rapoport, Paul, ''About 31-tone Equal Temperament]]&lt;/span&gt; [[http://www.webcitation.org/5xeGH4uBH|Permalink]]
* &lt;span class="wiki_link_ext"&gt;[[http://www.huygens-fokker.org/docs/terp31.html|Terpstra, Siemen, ''Toward a Theory of Meantone (and 31-et) Harmony'']]&lt;/span&gt; [[http://www.webcitation.org/5xeGMeCMd|Permalink]]
* &lt;span class="wiki_link_ext"&gt;[[http://www.huygens-fokker.org/docs/terp31.html|Terpstra, Siemen, ''Toward a Theory of Meantone (and 31-et) Harmony'']]&lt;/span&gt; [[http://www.webcitation.org/5xeGMeCMd|Permalink]]
* &lt;span class="wiki_link_ext"&gt;[[http://tonalsoft.com/enc/number/31edo.aspx|Tonalsoft Encyclopedia article]]&lt;/span&gt;</pre></div>
* &lt;span class="wiki_link_ext"&gt;[[http://tonalsoft.com/enc/number/31edo.aspx|Tonalsoft Encyclopedia article]]&lt;/span&gt; [[http://www.webcitation.org/5xeGYj7QU|Permalink]]</pre></div>
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<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;width:200%;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html">&lt;html&gt;&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;31edo&lt;/title&gt;&lt;/head&gt;&lt;body&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:74:&amp;lt;img id=&amp;quot;wikitext@@toc@@flat&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;WikiMedia WikiMediaTocFlat&amp;quot; title=&amp;quot;Table of Contents&amp;quot; src=&amp;quot;/site/embedthumbnail/toc/flat?w=100&amp;amp;h=16&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:74 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:75: --&gt;&lt;a href="#Intervals"&gt;Intervals&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:75 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:76: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:76 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:77: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:77 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:78: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:78 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:79: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:79 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:80: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:80 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:81: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:81 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:82: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:82 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:83: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:83 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:84: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:84 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:85: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:85 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:86: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:86 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:87: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:87 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:88: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:88 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:89: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:89 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:90: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:90 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:91: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:91 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:92: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:92 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:93: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:93 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:94: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:94 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:95: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:95 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:96: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:96 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:97: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:97 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:98: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:98 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:99: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:99 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:100: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:100 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:101: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:101 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:102: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:102 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:103: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:103 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:104: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:104 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:105: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:105 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:106: --&gt; | &lt;a href="#Modes"&gt;Modes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:106 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:107: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:107 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:108: --&gt; | &lt;a href="#Music in 31-edo"&gt;Music in 31-edo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:108 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:109: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:109 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:110: --&gt; | &lt;a href="#Practical Theory / Books"&gt;Practical Theory / Books&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:110 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:111: --&gt; | &lt;a href="#Other Articles"&gt;Other Articles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:111 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:112: --&gt;
<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;width:200%;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html">&lt;html&gt;&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;31edo&lt;/title&gt;&lt;/head&gt;&lt;body&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:74:&amp;lt;img id=&amp;quot;wikitext@@toc@@flat&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;WikiMedia WikiMediaTocFlat&amp;quot; title=&amp;quot;Table of Contents&amp;quot; src=&amp;quot;/site/embedthumbnail/toc/flat?w=100&amp;amp;h=16&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:74 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:75: --&gt;&lt;a href="#Intervals"&gt;Intervals&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:75 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:76: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:76 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:77: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:77 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:78: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:78 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:79: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:79 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:80: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:80 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:81: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:81 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:82: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:82 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:83: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:83 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:84: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:84 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:85: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:85 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:86: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:86 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:87: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:87 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:88: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:88 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:89: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:89 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:90: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:90 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:91: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:91 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:92: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:92 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:93: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:93 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:94: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:94 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:95: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:95 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:96: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:96 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:97: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:97 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:98: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:98 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:99: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:99 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:100: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:100 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:101: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:101 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:102: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:102 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:103: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:103 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:104: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:104 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:105: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:105 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:106: --&gt; | &lt;a href="#Modes"&gt;Modes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:106 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:107: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:107 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:108: --&gt; | &lt;a href="#Music in 31-edo"&gt;Music in 31-edo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:108 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:109: --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:109 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:110: --&gt; | &lt;a href="#Practical Theory / Books"&gt;Practical Theory / Books&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:110 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:111: --&gt; | &lt;a href="#Other Articles"&gt;Other Articles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:111 --&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:112: --&gt;
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&lt;em&gt;Thirty-one tone equal temperament&lt;/em&gt;, also called &lt;em&gt;31-tET&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;31-EDO&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;31-et&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;tricesimoprimal meantone temperament&lt;/em&gt;, is the scale derived by dividing the octave into 31 &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/equal"&gt;equally&lt;/a&gt; large steps. The term 'Tricesimoprimal' was first used by &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/Adriaan%20Fokker"&gt;Adriaan Fokker&lt;/a&gt;. Each step is equivalent to a frequency ratio of the 31st root of 2, or 38.71 &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/cents"&gt;cents&lt;/a&gt;. 31's perfect fifth is flat of the just interval 3:2 (over five cents), as befits a tuning supporting meantone, but the major third is less than a cent sharp (of just 5:4). 31's approximation of 7:4, a cent flat, is also very close to just. Because of these near-just values 31-et is relatively quite accurate and is in fact the sixth Zeta function integral tuning, &lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextUrlRule:10841:http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/A117538 --&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/A117538" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/A117538&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextUrlRule:10841 --&gt;. Many 7-limit JI scales are well-approximated in 31 (with tempering, of course). For JI that uses primes 3 and 7, but no 5, try &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/36edo"&gt;36edo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Thirty-one tone equal temperament&lt;/em&gt;, also called &lt;em&gt;31-tET&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;31-EDO&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;31-et&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;tricesimoprimal meantone temperament&lt;/em&gt;, is the scale derived by dividing the octave into 31 &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/equal"&gt;equally&lt;/a&gt; large steps. The term 'Tricesimoprimal' was first used by &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/Adriaan%20Fokker"&gt;Adriaan Fokker&lt;/a&gt;. Each step is equivalent to a frequency ratio of the 31st root of 2, or 38.71 &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/cents"&gt;cents&lt;/a&gt;. 31's perfect fifth is flat of the just interval 3:2 (over five cents), as befits a tuning supporting meantone, but the major third is less than a cent sharp (of just 5:4). 31's approximation of 7:4, a cent flat, is also very close to just. Because of these near-just values 31-et is relatively quite accurate and is in fact the sixth Zeta function integral tuning, &lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextUrlRule:10842:http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/A117538 --&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/A117538" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/A117538&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextUrlRule:10842 --&gt;. Many 7-limit JI scales are well-approximated in 31 (with tempering, of course). For JI that uses primes 3 and 7, but no 5, try &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/36edo"&gt;36edo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
For more encyclopedic info, see &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/31_equal_temperament" rel="nofollow"&gt;Wikipedia's article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
For more encyclopedic info, see &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/31_equal_temperament" rel="nofollow"&gt;Wikipedia's article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
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  &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="wiki_link_ext"&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.huygens-fokker.org/docs/beerart.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;de Beer, Anton, ''The Development of 31-tone Music&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.webcitation.org/5xeFzBM9b" rel="nofollow"&gt;Permalink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="wiki_link_ext"&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.huygens-fokker.org/docs/fokkerorg.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;Fokker, Adriaan Daniël, ''Equal Temperament and the Thirty-one-keyed organ&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.webcitation.org/5xeG6Tmli" rel="nofollow"&gt;Permalink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Fokker, A.D., &amp;quot;New Music with 31 Notes&amp;quot; translated by Leigh Gerdine&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="wiki_link_ext"&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.huygens-fokker.org/docs/rap31.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;Rapoport, Paul, ''About 31-tone Equal Temperament&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.webcitation.org/5xeGH4uBH" rel="nofollow"&gt;Permalink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="wiki_link_ext"&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.huygens-fokker.org/docs/terp31.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;Terpstra, Siemen, ''Toward a Theory of Meantone (and 31-et) Harmony''&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.webcitation.org/5xeGMeCMd" rel="nofollow"&gt;Permalink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="wiki_link_ext"&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://tonalsoft.com/enc/number/31edo.aspx" rel="nofollow"&gt;Tonalsoft Encyclopedia article&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;</pre></div>
  &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="wiki_link_ext"&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.huygens-fokker.org/docs/beerart.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;de Beer, Anton, ''The Development of 31-tone Music&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.webcitation.org/5xeFzBM9b" rel="nofollow"&gt;Permalink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="wiki_link_ext"&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.huygens-fokker.org/docs/fokkerorg.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;Fokker, Adriaan Daniël, ''Equal Temperament and the Thirty-one-keyed organ&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.webcitation.org/5xeG6Tmli" rel="nofollow"&gt;Permalink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Fokker, A.D., &amp;quot;New Music with 31 Notes&amp;quot; translated by Leigh Gerdine&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="wiki_link_ext"&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.huygens-fokker.org/docs/rap31.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;Rapoport, Paul, ''About 31-tone Equal Temperament&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.webcitation.org/5xeGH4uBH" rel="nofollow"&gt;Permalink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="wiki_link_ext"&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.huygens-fokker.org/docs/terp31.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;Terpstra, Siemen, ''Toward a Theory of Meantone (and 31-et) Harmony''&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.webcitation.org/5xeGMeCMd" rel="nofollow"&gt;Permalink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="wiki_link_ext"&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://tonalsoft.com/enc/number/31edo.aspx" rel="nofollow"&gt;Tonalsoft Encyclopedia article&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.webcitation.org/5xeGYj7QU" rel="nofollow"&gt;Permalink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;</pre></div>