Historical temperaments: Difference between revisions

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== Examples ==

~~Examples include:~~

Here are some examples of historical temperaments. Some of these temperaments saw widespread usage, some saw limited usage, and some were discussed merely as thought experiments. Some were referred to by their modern name, while others used a different name to the modern one, but still described the same mathematical object.

* [[Pythagorean tuning]]

* [[Meantone]]

** [[1/2-comma meantone|1/2 comma]] (''Fogliano 1529)''

** [[1/2-comma meantone|1/2 comma]] (''Fogliano 1529)''<ref name="Monzo"> [http://www.tonalsoft.com/enc/m/meantone.aspx ''Meantone - Tonalsoft'' - Joe Monzo, 2005]</ref>*

** [[19edo]] (''Costeley 1558'')

** [[19edo]] (''Costeley 1558'')<ref>''Seigneur Dieu ta pitié'' - Guillaume Costeley, 1558</ref>

** [[1/3-comma meantone|1/3 comma]] (''Salinas 1577'')

** [[1/3-comma meantone|1/3 comma]] (''Salinas 1577'')<ref>''De musica libri septem'' - Francisco de Salinas, 1577</ref>

** [[Lucy tuning|Lucy]] (''Harrison 1775'')

** [[Lucy tuning|Lucy]] (''Harrison 1775''<ref>''Concerning Such Mechanism'' - John Harrison, 1775</ref>

** [[2/7-comma meantone|2/7 comma]] (''Zarlino 1558'')

** [[2/7-comma meantone|2/7 comma]] (''Zarlino 1558'')<ref>''Le istitutioni harmoniche'' - Gioseffo Zarlino, 1558</ref>

** [[5/18-comma meantone|5/18 comma]] (''Smith 1749'')

** [[5/18-comma meantone|5/18 comma]] (''Smith 1749''<ref>''Harmonics, or The philosophy of musical sounds'' - Robert Smith</ref>

** [[50edo]] (''Henfling 1710'')

** [[50edo]] (''Henfling 1710'')<ref name="Monzo" />*

** [[7/26-comma meantone|7/26 comma]] (''Woolhouse 1835'')

** [[7/26-comma meantone|7/26 comma]] (''Woolhouse 1835'')<ref>''Essay on musical intervals'' - Wesley S. B. Woolhouse, 1835</ref>

** [[Golden meantone|Golden]] (''Kornerup 1930'')

** [[Golden meantone|Golden]] (''Kornerup 1930'')<ref name="Monzo" />*

** [[Quarter-comma meantone|1/4 comma]] (''~~Schlick 1511~~'' & ''Aron 1523~~'')~~

** [[Quarter-comma meantone|1/4 comma]] (''Aron 1523'')<ref>''Toscanello de la Musica'' - Pietro Aron, 1523</ref>

** [[31edo]] (''Vicentino 1555'')

** [[31edo]] (''Vicentino 1555<ref>''L'Antica musica ridotta alla moderna prattica'' - Nicola Vicentino, 1555</ref> (possibly)<ref>''Theories of chromatic and Enharmonic Music in Late 16th Century Italy - Chromatic systems (or non-systems) from Vicentino to Monteverdi'' - Karol Berger, 1980</ref> & Christiaan Huygens 1691''<ref>''Lettre touchant le cycle harmonique'' - Christiaan Huygens, 1691''</ref>)

** [[2/9-comma meantone|2/9 comma]] (''Rossi 1666'' & ''Drobisch ~~1855~~'')

** [[2/9-comma meantone|2/9 comma]] (''Rossi 1666''<ref>''Sistema musico ouero Musica speculativa'' - Lemme Rossi, 1666</ref> & ''Drobisch 1852''<ref>Über musikalische Tonbestimmung und Temperatur - Moritz Wilhelm Drobisch, 1852</ref>)

** [[74edo]] (''Riccati 1762'')

** [[74edo]] (''Riccati 1762'')[2]<ref name="Monzo" />*

** [[3/14-comma meantone|3/14 comma]] (''Riccati 1762'')

** [[3/14-comma meantone|3/14 comma]] (''Riccati 1762'')<ref name="Monzo" />*

** [[1/5-comma meantone|1/5 comma]] (''Verheyen c. 1600'' & ''Sauveur 1701'')

** [[1/5-comma meantone|1/5 comma]] (''Verheyen c. 1600''<ref>Abraham Verheyen's letter to Simon Stevin, c. 1600</ref> & ''Sauveur 1701''<ref name="Sauveur1">Archives of the Académie des Sciences, Paris, Procès verbaux, vol. 20, February through April 1701</ref><ref name="Sauveur2">Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences (Paris, 1701), pp. 299–366</ref>)

** [[43edo]] (''Sauveur 1701'')

** [[43edo]] (''Sauveur 1701'')<ref name="Sauveur1" /><ref name="Sauveur2" />

** [[55edo]] (''Beer <1722'')

** [[55edo]] (''Beer <1722'') <ref name="Monzo" />*

** [[1/6-comma meantone|1/6 comma]] (''Silbermann <1748'')

** [[1/6-comma meantone|1/6 comma]] (''Silbermann <1748'')<ref>Gespräch zwischen einem Musico theoretico und einem Studioso Musices von der Prätorianischen, Printzischen Werkmeisterischen ... Temperatur, wie auch von dem neuen Systemate ... Telemanns zur Beförd. reiner Harmonie. - Georg Andreas Sorge, 1748</ref>

** [[4/25-comma meantone|4/25 comma]] (''Marsh 1809'')

** [[4/25-comma meantone|4/25 comma]] (''Marsh 1809'')<ref>Containing the Perfection of Eighteenth-century Temperament, the Lost Art of Nineteenth-century Temperament, and the Science of Equal Temperament, Complete with Instructions for Aural and Electronic Tuning - Owen Jorgensen, 1991</ref>*

** [[1/7-comma meantone|1/7 comma]] (''Romieu 1758'')

** [[1/7-comma meantone|1/7 comma]] (''Romieu 1758'')<ref>''Tuning and Temperament: A Historical Survey'' p. 126 - James Murray Barbour, 1953</ref>*

** [[12edo]] (''Chu Tsai-yü 1596'')

** [[12edo]] (''Chu Tsai-yü 1596'')<ref>''Prince Chu Tsai-Yü's Life and Work: A Re-Evaluation of His Contribution to Equal Temperament Theory'' - Fritz A. Kuttner, 1975</ref>

* [[Well temperament]]

** [[Kellner]]

** [[Johann Kirnberger|Kirnberger]]<ref>''Die Kunst des reinen Satzes in der Musik'' - Johaan Philipp Kirnberger, 1774</ref>

** [[Johann Kirnberger|Kirnberger]]

*** [[Kirnberger I]]

*** [[Kirnberger II]]

*** [[Kirnberger III]]

** Neidhart

** Neidhart<ref>''Sectio canonis harmonici'' - Johann Georg Neidhardt, 1724</ref>''Gäntzlich erschöpfte, mathematische Abtheilungen des diatonisch-chromatischen, temperirten Canonis Monochordi'' - Johann Georg Neidhardt, 1732</ref>

*** [[Hof]] (''court'')

*** [[Grosse stadt]] (''large town'')

Line 42:

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*** [[Dorf]] (''village'')

** [[Temperament ordinaire]]

** [[Vallotti]]

*** D'Alembert/Rousseau 1752/67<ref>''Élémens de musique, theorique et pratique, suivant les principes de Monsieur Rameau'' - Jean-Baptiste le Rond d’Alembert, 1752</ref><ref>''Dictionnaire de Musique'' - Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 1767</ref>

** [[Vallotti]]<ref>''Della scienza teorica e pratica della moderna musica'' - Francesco Vallotti, written 1728, published 1779</ref>

** Werckmeister

*** [[Werckmeister I]]

*** [[Werck3|Werckmeister III]]<ref name="Werckmeister">''Musicalische Temperatur'' -Andreas Werckmeister, 1691</ref>

*** [[Werckmeister II]]

*** [[Werckmeister IV]]<ref name="Werckmeister" /ref>

*** [[Werck3|Werckmeister III]]

*** [[Werckmeister V]]<ref name="Werckmeister" /ref>

*** [[Werckmeister IV]] ~~(''Orgelprobe'')~~

*** [[Septenarius]] (Werckmeister VI)<ref name="Werckmeister" /ref>

*** [[Werckmeister V]]

** Young <ref>''Philosophical Transactions'' pages 143-147 - Royal Society of London, 1800</ref>

*** [[~~Werckmeister VI~~]] (~~''Septenarius''~~)

** Young

*** Young I (''see [[Vallotti]]'')

*** [[Young2|Young II]]

== See also ==

* [[~~Georgian|Georgian musical tradition~~]]

* ''[[Seigneur Dieu ta pitié]]'' - a historical (1558) composition for 19edo, important to the history of tuning

** [[~~Kartvelian scale~~]]

* [[Kellner] - Dr Herbert Anton Kellner's approximation of Bach's well temperament, from his book ''Wie stimme ich selbst mein Cembalo'' (1975).

** [[~~Kartvelian scales~~]]

* Temperament extradordinaire (a modern temperament inspired by the historical ''Temperament ordinaire'')

** Tempered: [[Qcmte84a]]

** Just: [[Secor5_23TX]]

* Ancient Greek musical tradition

** [[Teleic scales]]

* ~~[[List of approaches to musical tuning]]~~

** [[Tetrachord]]s

* [[~~:Category:People|People~~]]

* [[Pre-Columbian South American Music|Pre-Columbian South American musical traditions]]

* ''[[Seigneur Dieu ta pitié]]'' (historical composition in 19edo)

* Temperament extradordinaire (modern temperament inspired by the historical ''Temperament ordinaire'')

** Tempered: [[Qcmte84a]]

** Just: [[Secor5_23TX]]

* [[Tetrachord]]

== External ~~links~~ ==

== External resources ==

* [https://unm.academia.edu/FredSturm A Clear and Practical Introduction to Temperament History Parts 1-9 (Fred Sturm)]

* [https://public.websites.umich.edu/~bpl/larips/lindleyortgies.html Bach-Style Keyboard Tuning (Lindley & Ortgies 2006)]

* [http://harpsichords.pbworks.com/w/page/16830827/Tuning Harpsichords Wiki - Tuning]

* [https://www.rollingball.com/images/HT.pdf rollingball.com Historical Temperaments Visualised (PDF version)]

== Notes ==

<nowiki>*historical source needed</nowiki>

[[Category:Lists of temperaments]]

[[Category:Historical]]

[[Category:Todo:expand]]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 == Examples ==
-Examples include:
+Here are some examples of historical temperaments. Some of these temperaments saw widespread usage, some saw limited usage, and some were discussed merely as thought experiments. Some were referred to by their modern name, while others used a different name to the modern one, but still described the same mathematical object.
 * [[Pythagorean tuning]]
 * [[Meantone]]
-** [[1/2-comma meantone|1/2 comma]] (''Fogliano 1529)''
+** [[1/2-comma meantone|1/2 comma]] (''Fogliano 1529)''<ref name="Monzo"> [http://www.tonalsoft.com/enc/m/meantone.aspx ''Meantone - Tonalsoft'' - Joe Monzo, 2005]</ref>*
-** [[19edo]] (''Costeley 1558'')
+** [[19edo]] (''Costeley 1558'')<ref>''Seigneur Dieu ta pitié'' - Guillaume Costeley, 1558</ref>
-** [[1/3-comma meantone|1/3 comma]] (''Salinas 1577'')
+** [[1/3-comma meantone|1/3 comma]] (''Salinas 1577'')<ref>''De musica libri septem'' - Francisco de Salinas, 1577</ref>
-** [[Lucy tuning|Lucy]] (''Harrison 1775'')
+** [[Lucy tuning|Lucy]] (''Harrison 1775''<ref>''Concerning Such Mechanism'' - John Harrison, 1775</ref>
-** [[2/7-comma meantone|2/7 comma]] (''Zarlino 1558'')
+** [[2/7-comma meantone|2/7 comma]] (''Zarlino 1558'')<ref>''Le istitutioni harmoniche'' - Gioseffo Zarlino, 1558</ref>
-** [[5/18-comma meantone|5/18 comma]] (''Smith 1749'')
+** [[5/18-comma meantone|5/18 comma]] (''Smith 1749''<ref>''Harmonics, or The philosophy of musical sounds'' - Robert Smith</ref>
-** [[50edo]] (''Henfling 1710'')
+** [[50edo]] (''Henfling 1710'')<ref name="Monzo" />*
-** [[7/26-comma meantone|7/26 comma]] (''Woolhouse 1835'')
+** [[7/26-comma meantone|7/26 comma]] (''Woolhouse 1835'')<ref>''Essay on musical intervals'' - Wesley S. B. Woolhouse, 1835</ref>
-** [[Golden meantone|Golden]] (''Kornerup 1930'')
+** [[Golden meantone|Golden]] (''Kornerup 1930'')<ref name="Monzo" />*
-** [[Quarter-comma meantone|1/4 comma]] (''Schlick 1511'' & ''Aron 1523'')
+** [[Quarter-comma meantone|1/4 comma]] (''Aron 1523'')<ref>''Toscanello de la Musica'' - Pietro Aron, 1523</ref>
-** [[31edo]] (''Vicentino 1555'')
+** [[31edo]] (''Vicentino 1555<ref>''L'Antica musica ridotta alla moderna prattica'' - Nicola Vicentino, 1555</ref> (possibly)<ref>''Theories of chromatic and Enharmonic Music in Late 16th Century Italy - Chromatic systems (or non-systems) from Vicentino to Monteverdi'' - Karol Berger, 1980</ref> & Christiaan Huygens 1691''<ref>''Lettre touchant le cycle harmonique'' - Christiaan Huygens, 1691''</ref>)
-** [[2/9-comma meantone|2/9 comma]] (''Rossi 1666'' & ''Drobisch 1855'')
+** [[2/9-comma meantone|2/9 comma]] (''Rossi 1666''<ref>''Sistema musico ouero Musica speculativa'' - Lemme Rossi, 1666</ref> & ''Drobisch 1852''<ref>Über musikalische Tonbestimmung und Temperatur - Moritz Wilhelm Drobisch, 1852</ref>)
-** [[74edo]] (''Riccati 1762'')
+** [[74edo]] (''Riccati 1762'')[2]<ref name="Monzo" />*
-** [[3/14-comma meantone|3/14 comma]] (''Riccati 1762'')
+** [[3/14-comma meantone|3/14 comma]] (''Riccati 1762'')<ref name="Monzo" />*
-** [[1/5-comma meantone|1/5 comma]] (''Verheyen c. 1600'' & ''Sauveur 1701'')
+** [[1/5-comma meantone|1/5 comma]] (''Verheyen c. 1600''<ref>Abraham Verheyen's letter to Simon Stevin, c. 1600</ref> & ''Sauveur 1701''<ref name="Sauveur1">Archives of the Académie des Sciences, Paris, Procès verbaux, vol. 20, February through April 1701</ref><ref name="Sauveur2">Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences (Paris, 1701), pp. 299–366</ref>)
-** [[43edo]] (''Sauveur 1701'')
+** [[43edo]] (''Sauveur 1701'')<ref name="Sauveur1" /><ref name="Sauveur2" />
-** [[55edo]] (''Beer <1722'')
+** [[55edo]] (''Beer <1722'') <ref name="Monzo" />*
-** [[1/6-comma meantone|1/6 comma]] (''Silbermann <1748'')
+** [[1/6-comma meantone|1/6 comma]] (''Silbermann <1748'')<ref>Gespräch zwischen einem Musico theoretico und einem Studioso Musices von der Prätorianischen, Printzischen Werkmeisterischen ... Temperatur, wie auch von dem neuen Systemate ... Telemanns zur Beförd. reiner Harmonie. - Georg Andreas Sorge, 1748</ref>
-** [[4/25-comma meantone|4/25 comma]] (''Marsh 1809'')
+** [[4/25-comma meantone|4/25 comma]] (''Marsh 1809'')<ref>Containing the Perfection of Eighteenth-century Temperament, the Lost Art of Nineteenth-century Temperament, and the Science of Equal Temperament, Complete with Instructions for Aural and Electronic Tuning - Owen Jorgensen, 1991</ref>*
-** [[1/7-comma meantone|1/7 comma]] (''Romieu 1758'')
+** [[1/7-comma meantone|1/7 comma]] (''Romieu 1758'')<ref>''Tuning and Temperament: A Historical Survey'' p. 126 - James Murray Barbour, 1953</ref>*
-** [[12edo]] (''Chu Tsai-yü 1596'')
+** [[12edo]] (''Chu Tsai-yü 1596'')<ref>''Prince Chu Tsai-Yü's Life and Work: A Re-Evaluation of His Contribution to Equal Temperament Theory'' - Fritz A. Kuttner, 1975</ref>
 * [[Well temperament]]
-** [[Kellner]]
+** [[Johann Kirnberger|Kirnberger]]<ref>''Die Kunst des reinen Satzes in der Musik'' - Johaan Philipp Kirnberger, 1774</ref>
-** [[Johann Kirnberger|Kirnberger]]
 *** [[Kirnberger I]]
 *** [[Kirnberger II]]
 *** [[Kirnberger III]]
-** Neidhart
+** Neidhart<ref>''Sectio canonis harmonici'' - Johann Georg Neidhardt, 1724</ref>''Gäntzlich erschöpfte, mathematische Abtheilungen des diatonisch-chromatischen, temperirten Canonis Monochordi'' - Johann Georg Neidhardt, 1732</ref>
 *** [[Hof]] (''court'')
 *** [[Grosse stadt]] (''large town'')
@@ Line 42: / Line 41: @@
 *** [[Dorf]] (''village'')
 ** [[Temperament ordinaire]]
-** [[Vallotti]]
+*** D'Alembert/Rousseau 1752/67<ref>''Élémens de musique, theorique et pratique, suivant les principes de Monsieur Rameau'' - Jean-Baptiste le Rond d’Alembert, 1752</ref><ref>''Dictionnaire de Musique'' - Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 1767</ref>
+** [[Vallotti]]<ref>''Della scienza teorica e pratica della moderna musica'' - Francesco Vallotti, written 1728, published 1779</ref>
 ** Werckmeister
-*** [[Werckmeister I]]
+*** [[Werck3|Werckmeister III]]<ref name="Werckmeister">''Musicalische Temperatur'' -Andreas Werckmeister, 1691</ref>
-*** [[Werckmeister II]]
+*** [[Werckmeister IV]]<ref name="Werckmeister" /ref>
-*** [[Werck3|Werckmeister III]]
+*** [[Werckmeister V]]<ref name="Werckmeister" /ref>
-*** [[Werckmeister IV]] (''Orgelprobe'')
+*** [[Septenarius]] (Werckmeister VI)<ref name="Werckmeister" /ref>
-*** [[Werckmeister V]]
+** Young <ref>''Philosophical Transactions'' pages 143-147 - Royal Society of London, 1800</ref>
-*** [[Werckmeister VI]] (''Septenarius'')
-** Young
 *** Young I (''see [[Vallotti]]'')
 *** [[Young2|Young II]]
 == See also ==
-* [[Georgian|Georgian musical tradition]]
+* ''[[Seigneur Dieu ta pitié]]'' - a historical (1558) composition for 19edo, important to the history of tuning
-** [[Kartvelian scale]]
+* [[Kellner] - Dr Herbert Anton Kellner's approximation of Bach's well temperament, from his book ''Wie stimme ich selbst mein Cembalo'' (1975).
-** [[Kartvelian scales]]
+* Temperament extradordinaire (a modern temperament inspired by the historical ''Temperament ordinaire'')
+** Tempered: [[Qcmte84a]]
+** Just: [[Secor5_23TX]]
 * Ancient Greek musical tradition
 ** [[Teleic scales]]
-* [[List of approaches to musical tuning]]
+** [[Tetrachord]]s
-* [[:Category:People|People]]
 * [[Pre-Columbian South American Music|Pre-Columbian South American musical traditions]]
-* ''[[Seigneur Dieu ta pitié]]'' (historical composition in 19edo)
-* Temperament extradordinaire (modern temperament inspired by the historical ''Temperament ordinaire'')
-** Tempered: [[Qcmte84a]]
-** Just: [[Secor5_23TX]]
-* [[Tetrachord]]
-== External links ==
+== External resources ==
 * [https://unm.academia.edu/FredSturm A Clear and Practical Introduction to Temperament History Parts 1-9 (Fred Sturm)]
 * [https://public.websites.umich.edu/~bpl/larips/lindleyortgies.html Bach-Style Keyboard Tuning (Lindley & Ortgies 2006)]
 * [http://harpsichords.pbworks.com/w/page/16830827/Tuning Harpsichords Wiki - Tuning]
 * [https://www.rollingball.com/images/HT.pdf rollingball.com Historical Temperaments Visualised (PDF version)]
+== Notes ==
+<nowiki>*historical source needed</nowiki>
 [[Category:Lists of temperaments]]
 [[Category:Historical]]
 [[Category:Todo:expand]]