22edo: Difference between revisions

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=== Subsets and supersets ===

As 22 is divisible by 11, a 22edo instrument can play any music in 11edo, in the same way that [[12edo]] can play [[6edo]] (the whole tone scale). 11edo is interesting for sounding melodically very similar to 12edo (whole steps, half steps and minor thirds in the familiar 1:2:3 ratio), but harmonically very different, in particular because it lacks perfect fifths/fourths and 5-limit major thirds/minor sixths. Similarly, 22edo is melodically similar to [[24edo]] as both contain quarter-tones and minor, neutral, and major seconds; but 22edo offers much better all-around harmonies than 24. In [[Sagittal notation]], 11 can be notated as every other note of 22.

== Defining features ==

=== Septimal vs. syntonic comma ===

Possibly the most striking characteristic of 22edo to those not used to it is that it does '''not''' temper out the syntonic comma of 81/80. This means that 22 is not a system of [[meantone]] temperament, and as such it distinguishes a number of [[3-limit]] and [[5-limit]] intervals that meantone tunings (most notably 12edo, 19edo, 31edo, and 43edo) do not distinguish, such as the two whole tones of 9/8 and 10/9. Indeed, these distinctions are significantly exaggerated in 22edo and [[27edo]] in comparison to 5-limit JI and many more accurate temperaments such as [[34edo]], [[41edo]], and [[53edo]], allowing many opportunities for alternate interpretations of their harmony.

The diatonic scale it produces is instead derived from [[superpyth]] temperament. Despite having the same melodic structure as meantone's diatonic scale (LLsLLLs or, [[5L 2s]]), superpyth's diatonic scale has subminor and supermajor thirds of 7/6 and 9/7, rather than minor and major thirds of 6/5 and 5/4. This means that the septimal comma of 64/63 is tempered out, rather than the syntonic comma of 81/80, one of 22et's core features. Superpyth is melodically interesting in that intervals such as A–G♮ and C–B♭ are ''harmonic'' sevenths instead of 5-limit minor sevenths (approximately [[7/4]] instead of [[9/5]]), in addition to having a quasi-equal pentatonic scale (as the major whole tone and subminor third are rather close in size) and more uneven diatonic scale, as compared with 12et and other meantone systems; the step patterns in 22et are {{dash|4, 4, 5, 4, 5|med}} and {{dash|4, 4, 1, 4, 4, 4, 1|med}}, respectively.

=== Porcupine comma ===

It additionally tempers out the porcupine comma or maximal diesis of 250/243, which means that 22edo [[support]]s [[porcupine]] temperament. The generator for porcupine is a very flat minor whole tone of ~[[10/9]] (usually tuned slightly flat of [[11/10]]), two of which is a sharp ~[[6/5]], and three of which is a slightly flat ~[[4/3]], implying the existence of an equal-step tetrachord, which is characteristic of porcupine. It can be observed that the tuning damage that porcupine tempering implies (the ones just described) is highly characteristic of the tuning properties of 22edo and as such represents one excellent point of departure for examining the harmonic properties of 22edo. It forms [[mos scale]]s of 7 and 8, which in 22edo are tuned respectively as {{dash|4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3|med}} and {{dash|1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3|med}} (and their respective modes).

=== 5-limit commas ===

Other 5-limit commas 22edo tempers out include the diaschisma, [[2048/2025]] and the magic comma or small diesis, [[3125/3072]]. In a diaschismic system, such as 12et or 22et, the diatonic tritone [[45/32]], which is a major third above a major whole tone representing [[9/8]], is equated to its inverted form, [[64/45]]. That the magic comma is tempered out means that 22et is a magic system, where five major thirds make up a perfect fifth.

=== 7-limit commas ===

In the 7-limit 22edo tempers out certain commas also tempered out by 12et; this relates 12et to 22 in a way different from the way in which meantone systems are akin to it. [[50/49]] (the jubilisma), and 64/63 (the septimal comma) are tempered out in both systems, so they both equate the two septimal tritones of 7/5 and 10/7, and because of 64/63 the dominant seventh chord and an otonal tetrad are represented by the same chord. Hence both also temper out {{nowrap|(50/49)/(64/63) {{=}} 225/224}}, the [[septimal kleisma]], so that the septimal kleisma augmented triad is a chord of 22et, as it also is of any meantone tuning. A septimal comma not tempered out by 12et which 22et does temper out is 1728/1715, the [[1728/1715|orwell comma]]; and the [[orwell tetrad]] is also a chord of 22et.

=== 11-limit commas===

In the 11-limit, 22edo tempers out the [[quartisma]], leading to a stack of five 33/32 quartertones being equated with one 7/6 subminor third. This is a trait which, while shared with [[24edo]], is surprisingly ''not'' shared with a number of other relatively small edos such as [[17edo]], [[26edo]] and [[34edo]]. In fact, not even the famous [[53edo]] has this property—although it should be noted that the related [[159edo]] ''does''.

=== Other features ===

The 163.6{{c}} "flat minor whole tone" is a key interval in 22edo, in part because it functions as no less than three different consonant ratios in the [[11-limit]]: 10/9, 11/10, and 12/11. It is thus extremely ambiguous and flexible. The trade-off is that it is very much in the cracks of the 12-equal piano, and so for most 12-equal listeners, it takes some getting used to. Simple translations of 5-limit music into 22edo can sound very different, with a more complex harmonic quality inevitably arising. 22edo does not contain a neutral third but both the 5-limit thirds have a "neutral-like" quality since they are tempered closer together rather than farther apart as in 12edo.

22edo also supports the [[orwell]] temperament, which uses the septimal subminor third as a generator (5 degrees) and forms mos scales with step patterns {{dash|2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2|med}} and {{dash|2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2|med}}. Harmonically, orwell can be tuned more accurately in other temperaments, such as [[31edo]], [[53edo]], and [[84edo]]. But 22edo has a leg-up on the others melodically, as the large and small steps of Orwell[9] are easier to distinguish.

22edo is melodically similar to [[24edo]] as both contain quarter-tones and minor, neutral, and major seconds; but 22edo offers much better all-around harmonies than 24. In [[Sagittal notation]], 11 can be notated as every other note of 22.

== Intervals ==

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| distinct = 8

}}

~~== Defining features ==~~

~~=== Septimal vs. syntonic comma ===~~

Possibly the most striking characteristic of 22edo to those not used to it is that it does '''not''' temper out the syntonic comma of 81/80. This means that 22 is not a system of [[meantone]] temperament, and as such it distinguishes a number of [[3-limit]] and [[5-limit]] intervals that meantone tunings (most notably 12edo, 19edo, 31edo, and 43edo) do not distinguish, such as the two whole tones of 9/8 and 10/9. Indeed, these distinctions are significantly exaggerated in 22edo and [[27edo]] in comparison to 5-limit JI and many more accurate temperaments such as [[34edo]], [[41edo]], and [[53edo]], allowing many opportunities for alternate interpretations of their harmony.

The diatonic scale it produces is instead derived from [[superpyth]] temperament. Despite having the same melodic structure as meantone's diatonic scale (LLsLLLs or, [[5L 2s]]), superpyth's diatonic scale has subminor and supermajor thirds of 7/6 and 9/7, rather than minor and major thirds of 6/5 and 5/4. This means that the septimal comma of 64/63 is tempered out, rather than the syntonic comma of 81/80, one of 22et's core features. Superpyth is melodically interesting in that intervals such as A–G♮ and C–B♭ are ''harmonic'' sevenths instead of 5-limit minor sevenths (approximately [[7/4]] instead of [[9/5]]), in addition to having a quasi-equal pentatonic scale (as the major whole tone and subminor third are rather close in size) and more uneven diatonic scale, as compared with 12et and other meantone systems; the step patterns in 22et are {{dash|4, 4, 5, 4, 5|med}} and {{dash|4, 4, 1, 4, 4, 4, 1|med}}, respectively.

~~=== Porcupine comma ===~~

It additionally tempers out the porcupine comma or maximal diesis of 250/243, which means that 22edo [[support]]s [[porcupine]] temperament. The generator for porcupine is a very flat minor whole tone of ~[[10/9]] (usually tuned slightly flat of [[11/10]]), two of which is a sharp ~[[6/5]], and three of which is a slightly flat ~[[4/3]], implying the existence of an equal-step tetrachord, which is characteristic of porcupine. It can be observed that the tuning damage that porcupine tempering implies (the ones just described) is highly characteristic of the tuning properties of 22edo and as such represents one excellent point of departure for examining the harmonic properties of 22edo. It forms [[mos scale]]s of 7 and 8, which in 22edo are tuned respectively as {{dash|4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3|med}} and {{dash|1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3|med}} (and their respective modes).

~~=== 5-limit commas ===~~

Other 5-limit commas 22edo tempers out include the diaschisma, [[2048/2025]] and the magic comma or small diesis, [[3125/3072]]. In a diaschismic system, such as 12et or 22et, the diatonic tritone [[45/32]], which is a major third above a major whole tone representing [[9/8]], is equated to its inverted form, [[64/45]]. That the magic comma is tempered out means that 22et is a magic system, where five major thirds make up a perfect fifth.

~~=== 7-limit commas ===~~

In the 7-limit 22edo tempers out certain commas also tempered out by 12et; this relates 12et to 22 in a way different from the way in which meantone systems are akin to it. [[50/49]] (the jubilisma), and 64/63 (the septimal comma) are tempered out in both systems, so they both equate the two septimal tritones of 7/5 and 10/7, and because of 64/63 the dominant seventh chord and an otonal tetrad are represented by the same chord. Hence both also temper out {{nowrap|(50/49)/(64/63) {{=}} 225/224}}, the [[septimal kleisma]], so that the septimal kleisma augmented triad is a chord of 22et, as it also is of any meantone tuning. A septimal comma not tempered out by 12et which 22et does temper out is 1728/1715, the [[1728/1715|orwell comma]]; and the [[orwell tetrad]] is also a chord of 22et.

~~=== 11-limit commas===~~

In the 11-limit, 22edo tempers out the [[quartisma]], leading to a stack of five 33/32 quartertones being equated with one 7/6 subminor third. This is a trait which, while shared with [[24edo]], is surprisingly ''not'' shared with a number of other relatively small edos such as [[17edo]], [[26edo]] and [[34edo]]. In fact, not even the famous [[53edo]] has this property—although it should be noted that the related [[159edo]] ''does''.

~~=== Other features ===~~

The 163.6{{c}} "flat minor whole tone" is a key interval in 22edo, in part because it functions as no less than three different consonant ratios in the [[11-limit]]: 10/9, 11/10, and 12/11. It is thus extremely ambiguous and flexible. The trade-off is that it is very much in the cracks of the 12-equal piano, and so for most 12-equal listeners, it takes some getting used to. Simple translations of 5-limit music into 22edo can sound very different, with a more complex harmonic quality inevitably arising. 22edo does not contain a neutral third but both the 5-limit thirds have a "neutral-like" quality since they are tempered closer together rather than farther apart as in 12edo.

22edo also supports the [[orwell]] temperament, which uses the septimal subminor third as a generator (5 degrees) and forms mos scales with step patterns {{dash|2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2|med}} and {{dash|2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2|med}}. Harmonically, orwell can be tuned more accurately in other temperaments, such as [[31edo]], [[53edo]], and [[84edo]]. But 22edo has a leg-up on the others melodically, as the large and small steps of Orwell[9] are easier to distinguish.

22edo is melodically similar to [[24edo]] as both contain quarter-tones and minor, neutral, and major seconds; but 22edo offers much better all-around harmonies than 24. In [[Sagittal notation]], 11 can be notated as every other note of 22.

== Regular temperament properties ==

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 === Subsets and supersets ===
 As 22 is divisible by 11, a 22edo instrument can play any music in 11edo, in the same way that [[12edo]] can play [[6edo]] (the whole tone scale). 11edo is interesting for sounding melodically very similar to 12edo (whole steps, half steps and minor thirds in the familiar 1:2:3 ratio), but harmonically very different, in particular because it lacks perfect fifths/fourths and 5-limit major thirds/minor sixths. Similarly, 22edo is melodically similar to [[24edo]] as both contain quarter-tones and minor, neutral, and major seconds; but 22edo offers much better all-around harmonies than 24. In [[Sagittal notation]], 11 can be notated as every other note of 22.
+== Defining features ==
+=== Septimal vs. syntonic comma ===
+Possibly the most striking characteristic of 22edo to those not used to it is that it does '''not''' temper out the syntonic comma of 81/80. This means that 22 is not a system of [[meantone]] temperament, and as such it distinguishes a number of [[3-limit]] and [[5-limit]] intervals that meantone tunings (most notably 12edo, 19edo, 31edo, and 43edo) do not distinguish, such as the two whole tones of 9/8 and 10/9. Indeed, these distinctions are significantly exaggerated in 22edo and [[27edo]] in comparison to 5-limit JI and many more accurate temperaments such as [[34edo]], [[41edo]], and [[53edo]], allowing many opportunities for alternate interpretations of their harmony.
+The diatonic scale it produces is instead derived from [[superpyth]] temperament. Despite having the same melodic structure as meantone's diatonic scale (LLsLLLs or, [[5L 2s]]), superpyth's diatonic scale has subminor and supermajor thirds of 7/6 and 9/7, rather than minor and major thirds of 6/5 and 5/4. This means that the septimal comma of 64/63 is tempered out, rather than the syntonic comma of 81/80, one of 22et's core features. Superpyth is melodically interesting in that intervals such as A&ndash;G&#x266E; and C&ndash;B&#x266D; are ''harmonic'' sevenths instead of 5-limit minor sevenths (approximately [[7/4]] instead of [[9/5]]), in addition to having a quasi-equal pentatonic scale (as the major whole tone and subminor third are rather close in size) and more uneven diatonic scale, as compared with 12et and other meantone systems; the step patterns in 22et are {{dash|4, 4, 5, 4, 5|med}} and {{dash|4, 4, 1, 4, 4, 4, 1|med}}, respectively.
+=== Porcupine comma ===
+It additionally tempers out the porcupine comma or maximal diesis of 250/243, which means that 22edo [[support]]s [[porcupine]] temperament. The generator for porcupine is a very flat minor whole tone of ~[[10/9]] (usually tuned slightly flat of [[11/10]]), two of which is a sharp ~[[6/5]], and three of which is a slightly flat ~[[4/3]], implying the existence of an equal-step tetrachord, which is characteristic of porcupine. It can be observed that the tuning damage that porcupine tempering implies (the ones just described) is highly characteristic of the tuning properties of 22edo and as such represents one excellent point of departure for examining the harmonic properties of 22edo. It forms [[mos scale]]s of 7 and 8, which in 22edo are tuned respectively as {{dash|4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3|med}} and {{dash|1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3|med}} (and their respective modes).
+=== 5-limit commas ===
+Other 5-limit commas 22edo tempers out include the diaschisma, [[2048/2025]] and the magic comma or small diesis, [[3125/3072]]. In a diaschismic system, such as 12et or 22et, the diatonic tritone [[45/32]], which is a major third above a major whole tone representing [[9/8]], is equated to its inverted form, [[64/45]]. That the magic comma is tempered out means that 22et is a magic system, where five major thirds make up a perfect fifth.
+=== 7-limit commas ===
+In the 7-limit 22edo tempers out certain commas also tempered out by 12et; this relates 12et to 22 in a way different from the way in which meantone systems are akin to it. [[50/49]] (the jubilisma), and 64/63 (the septimal comma) are tempered out in both systems, so they both equate the two septimal tritones of 7/5 and 10/7, and because of 64/63 the dominant seventh chord and an otonal tetrad are represented by the same chord. Hence both also temper out {{nowrap|(50/49)/(64/63) {{=}} 225/224}}, the [[septimal kleisma]], so that the septimal kleisma augmented triad is a chord of 22et, as it also is of any meantone tuning. A septimal comma not tempered out by 12et which 22et does temper out is 1728/1715, the [[1728/1715|orwell comma]]; and the [[orwell tetrad]] is also a chord of 22et.
+=== 11-limit commas===
+In the 11-limit, 22edo tempers out the [[quartisma]], leading to a stack of five 33/32 quartertones being equated with one 7/6 subminor third. This is a trait which, while shared with [[24edo]], is surprisingly ''not'' shared with a number of other relatively small edos such as [[17edo]], [[26edo]] and [[34edo]]. In fact, not even the famous [[53edo]] has this property—although it should be noted that the related [[159edo]] ''does''.
+=== Other features ===
+The 163.6{{c}} "flat minor whole tone" is a key interval in 22edo, in part because it functions as no less than three different consonant ratios in the [[11-limit]]: 10/9, 11/10, and 12/11. It is thus extremely ambiguous and flexible. The trade-off is that it is very much in the cracks of the 12-equal piano, and so for most 12-equal listeners, it takes some getting used to. Simple translations of 5-limit music into 22edo can sound very different, with a more complex harmonic quality inevitably arising. 22edo does not contain a neutral third but both the 5-limit thirds have a "neutral-like" quality since they are tempered closer together rather than farther apart as in 12edo.
+edo also supports the [[orwell]] temperament, which uses the septimal subminor third as a generator (5 degrees) and forms mos scales with step patterns {{dash|2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2|med}} and {{dash|2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2|med}}. Harmonically, orwell can be tuned more accurately in other temperaments, such as [[31edo]], [[53edo]], and [[84edo]]. But 22edo has a leg-up on the others melodically, as the large and small steps of Orwell[9] are easier to distinguish.
+edo is melodically similar to [[24edo]] as both contain quarter-tones and minor, neutral, and major seconds; but 22edo offers much better all-around harmonies than 24. In [[Sagittal notation]], 11 can be notated as every other note of 22.
 == Intervals ==
@@ Line 1,004: / Line 1,029: @@
 | distinct = 8
 }}
-== Defining features ==
-=== Septimal vs. syntonic comma ===
-Possibly the most striking characteristic of 22edo to those not used to it is that it does '''not''' temper out the syntonic comma of 81/80. This means that 22 is not a system of [[meantone]] temperament, and as such it distinguishes a number of [[3-limit]] and [[5-limit]] intervals that meantone tunings (most notably 12edo, 19edo, 31edo, and 43edo) do not distinguish, such as the two whole tones of 9/8 and 10/9. Indeed, these distinctions are significantly exaggerated in 22edo and [[27edo]] in comparison to 5-limit JI and many more accurate temperaments such as [[34edo]], [[41edo]], and [[53edo]], allowing many opportunities for alternate interpretations of their harmony.
-The diatonic scale it produces is instead derived from [[superpyth]] temperament. Despite having the same melodic structure as meantone's diatonic scale (LLsLLLs or, [[5L 2s]]), superpyth's diatonic scale has subminor and supermajor thirds of 7/6 and 9/7, rather than minor and major thirds of 6/5 and 5/4. This means that the septimal comma of 64/63 is tempered out, rather than the syntonic comma of 81/80, one of 22et's core features. Superpyth is melodically interesting in that intervals such as A&ndash;G&#x266E; and C&ndash;B&#x266D; are ''harmonic'' sevenths instead of 5-limit minor sevenths (approximately [[7/4]] instead of [[9/5]]), in addition to having a quasi-equal pentatonic scale (as the major whole tone and subminor third are rather close in size) and more uneven diatonic scale, as compared with 12et and other meantone systems; the step patterns in 22et are {{dash|4, 4, 5, 4, 5|med}} and {{dash|4, 4, 1, 4, 4, 4, 1|med}}, respectively.
-=== Porcupine comma ===
-It additionally tempers out the porcupine comma or maximal diesis of 250/243, which means that 22edo [[support]]s [[porcupine]] temperament. The generator for porcupine is a very flat minor whole tone of ~[[10/9]] (usually tuned slightly flat of [[11/10]]), two of which is a sharp ~[[6/5]], and three of which is a slightly flat ~[[4/3]], implying the existence of an equal-step tetrachord, which is characteristic of porcupine. It can be observed that the tuning damage that porcupine tempering implies (the ones just described) is highly characteristic of the tuning properties of 22edo and as such represents one excellent point of departure for examining the harmonic properties of 22edo. It forms [[mos scale]]s of 7 and 8, which in 22edo are tuned respectively as {{dash|4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3|med}} and {{dash|1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3|med}} (and their respective modes).
-=== 5-limit commas ===
-Other 5-limit commas 22edo tempers out include the diaschisma, [[2048/2025]] and the magic comma or small diesis, [[3125/3072]]. In a diaschismic system, such as 12et or 22et, the diatonic tritone [[45/32]], which is a major third above a major whole tone representing [[9/8]], is equated to its inverted form, [[64/45]]. That the magic comma is tempered out means that 22et is a magic system, where five major thirds make up a perfect fifth.
-=== 7-limit commas ===
-In the 7-limit 22edo tempers out certain commas also tempered out by 12et; this relates 12et to 22 in a way different from the way in which meantone systems are akin to it. [[50/49]] (the jubilisma), and 64/63 (the septimal comma) are tempered out in both systems, so they both equate the two septimal tritones of 7/5 and 10/7, and because of 64/63 the dominant seventh chord and an otonal tetrad are represented by the same chord. Hence both also temper out {{nowrap|(50/49)/(64/63) {{=}} 225/224}}, the [[septimal kleisma]], so that the septimal kleisma augmented triad is a chord of 22et, as it also is of any meantone tuning. A septimal comma not tempered out by 12et which 22et does temper out is 1728/1715, the [[1728/1715|orwell comma]]; and the [[orwell tetrad]] is also a chord of 22et.
-=== 11-limit commas===
-In the 11-limit, 22edo tempers out the [[quartisma]], leading to a stack of five 33/32 quartertones being equated with one 7/6 subminor third. This is a trait which, while shared with [[24edo]], is surprisingly ''not'' shared with a number of other relatively small edos such as [[17edo]], [[26edo]] and [[34edo]]. In fact, not even the famous [[53edo]] has this property—although it should be noted that the related [[159edo]] ''does''.
-=== Other features ===
-The 163.6{{c}} "flat minor whole tone" is a key interval in 22edo, in part because it functions as no less than three different consonant ratios in the [[11-limit]]: 10/9, 11/10, and 12/11. It is thus extremely ambiguous and flexible. The trade-off is that it is very much in the cracks of the 12-equal piano, and so for most 12-equal listeners, it takes some getting used to. Simple translations of 5-limit music into 22edo can sound very different, with a more complex harmonic quality inevitably arising. 22edo does not contain a neutral third but both the 5-limit thirds have a "neutral-like" quality since they are tempered closer together rather than farther apart as in 12edo.
-edo also supports the [[orwell]] temperament, which uses the septimal subminor third as a generator (5 degrees) and forms mos scales with step patterns {{dash|2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2|med}} and {{dash|2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2|med}}. Harmonically, orwell can be tuned more accurately in other temperaments, such as [[31edo]], [[53edo]], and [[84edo]]. But 22edo has a leg-up on the others melodically, as the large and small steps of Orwell[9] are easier to distinguish.
-edo is melodically similar to [[24edo]] as both contain quarter-tones and minor, neutral, and major seconds; but 22edo offers much better all-around harmonies than 24. In [[Sagittal notation]], 11 can be notated as every other note of 22.
 == Regular temperament properties ==