Trumpet: Difference between revisions
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Notation & listening examples |
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Ibrahim Maalouf partnered with AJ Atelier des Cuivres to commercially sell the "[https://aj-atelierdescuivres.fr/produit/trompette-a-jaminet-toma/ TOMA trumpet]," a quartertone trumpet which Maalouf now uses exclusively. | Ibrahim Maalouf partnered with AJ Atelier des Cuivres to commercially sell the "[https://aj-atelierdescuivres.fr/produit/trompette-a-jaminet-toma/ TOMA trumpet]," a quartertone trumpet which Maalouf now uses exclusively. | ||
Professional | Professional trumpet technicians have historically created rotary valves which attach to the main tuning slide that lower the pitch of the trumpet by a quartertone. | ||
[https://www.pujetrumpet.com/ Pujé trumpets] are built with directly adjustable slides on the main tuning slide. According to Brent Peters, however, the slide is "hard to use accurately and quickly enough" [to play quartertones], "even with a trigger." | [https://www.pujetrumpet.com/ Pujé trumpets] are built with directly adjustable slides on the main tuning slide. According to Brent Peters, however, the slide is "hard to use accurately and quickly enough" [to play quartertones], "even with a trigger." | ||
=== 19edo trumpets === | ===19edo trumpets=== | ||
Stephen Altoft and Donald Bousted created a trumpet project titled "The Microtonal Trumpet," creating microtonal trumpets using [[wikipedia:Rotary_valve|rotary valves]] which can play in [[19edo]] and [[ | Stephen Altoft and Donald Bousted created a trumpet project titled "The Microtonal Trumpet," creating microtonal trumpets using [[wikipedia:Rotary_valve|rotary valves]] which can play in [[19edo]], [[24edo]], and [[48edo]]. | ||
=== Other === | ===Other=== | ||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4IRPPFnbEk Vasilis Nalbantis] created a xenharmonic trumpet, the "Nalbantis," designed to play maqams. Unlike other trumpets listed, the additional button is pressure-sensitive, allowing for more pitches, but less pitch accuracy, when playing the trumpet. The button changes the length of the tuning slide. | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4IRPPFnbEk Vasilis Nalbantis] created a xenharmonic trumpet, the "Nalbantis," designed to play maqams. Unlike other trumpets listed, the additional button is pressure-sensitive, allowing for more pitches, but less pitch accuracy, when playing the trumpet. The button changes the length of the tuning slide. | ||
== Other methods of xenharmonic playing == | == Other methods of xenharmonic playing== | ||
A custom trumpet is the best and easiest way to play xenharmonic music; however, it certainly isn't always a practical option. | A custom trumpet is the best and easiest way to play xenharmonic music; however, it certainly isn't always a practical option. | ||
=== Quartertones === | ===Quartertones=== | ||
Quartertones for most notes can be approximated well with alternative fingerings and the third valve slide. | Quartertones for most notes can be approximated well with alternative fingerings and the third valve slide. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|Gt | |Gt | ||
|23 (S) | | 23 (S) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|G# | |G# | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|A#t | |A#t | ||
|13 (S) | | 13 (S) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|B | |B | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|Bt | |Bt | ||
|23 (S) | | 23 (S) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|C | |C | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|C#t | |C#t | ||
|13 (S) | | 13 (S) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|D | |D | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|Dt | |Dt | ||
|23 (S) | | 23 (S) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|D# | |D# | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|Et | |Et | ||
|13 (S) | | 13 (S) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|F | |F | ||
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The (S) signifies that use of the third valve slide is necessary. | The (S) signifies that use of the third valve slide is necessary. | ||
=== Other xenharmonic music === | ===Other xenharmonic music=== | ||
==== Retuning valves ==== | ==== Alternative fingerings ==== | ||
[[File:Adams A4 QT with adjusted third slide.jpg|alt=Adams A4 Quartertone with an adjusted third valve tubing for 19edo.|thumb| | There are several fingering combinations for the trumpet that are not traditionally used simply because they do not approximate any pitch in 12edo. These notes can be used as a very limited set of additional pitches for xenharmonic music. | ||
====Retuning valves ==== | |||
[[File:Adams A4 QT with adjusted third slide.jpg|alt=Adams A4 Quartertone with an adjusted third valve tubing for 19edo.|thumb|217x217px|Adams A4 Quartertone with an adjusted third valve tubing for 19edo.]] | |||
On most trumpets, you can play EDOs lower than 12 by retuning each valve slide. Because each valve's tubing is adjustable, you can lengthen the tubing so each valve lowers the pitch by however many cents are in the number of semitones the valve targets. For an example, [[10edo]]'s semitone is 120 cents; adjust the second valve (one semitone) from 100 cents to 120, the first valve (two semitones) from 200 cents to 240, and the third valve (three semitones) from 300 cents to 360. | On most trumpets, you can play EDOs lower than 12 by retuning each valve slide. Because each valve's tubing is adjustable, you can lengthen the tubing so each valve lowers the pitch by however many cents are in the number of semitones the valve targets. For an example, [[10edo]]'s semitone is 120 cents; adjust the second valve (one semitone) from 100 cents to 120, the first valve (two semitones) from 200 cents to 240, and the third valve (three semitones) from 300 cents to 360. | ||
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Keep in mind that this retuning is often much less accurate the lower your pitch is, because trumpets are built on the [[harmonic series]] and tuning systems with a poor 3/2 will now have a perfect 3/2, and notes below middle G will be based on that perfect 3/2. You can fix this in real-time by "lipping" the notes. | Keep in mind that this retuning is often much less accurate the lower your pitch is, because trumpets are built on the [[harmonic series]] and tuning systems with a poor 3/2 will now have a perfect 3/2, and notes below middle G will be based on that perfect 3/2. You can fix this in real-time by "lipping" the notes. | ||
==== Lipping ==== | ==== Lipping==== | ||
A common way to bend pitches on trumpet is to "lip" the note - effectively moving your embouchure to crudely target a pitch other than the speed of air and tubing length would otherwise allow. This method can be used to play xenharmonic music and is often used in conjunction with other methods of playing xenharmonic music. | A common way to bend pitches on trumpet is to "lip" the note - effectively moving your embouchure to crudely target a pitch other than the speed of air and tubing length would otherwise allow. This method can be used to play xenharmonic music and is often used in conjunction with other methods of playing xenharmonic music. | ||
== External links == | ==Notation== | ||
* The Microtonal Trumpet, by Stephen Altoft, Donald Bousted — extended techniques, [[19edo]] trumpet | [[File:Quartertone Trumpet Fingerings.png|alt=A subset of a fingering chart for quartertone trumpet in Don Ellis notation.|thumb|259x259px|A subset of a fingering chart for quartertone trumpet in Don Ellis notation.]] | ||
** [http://web.archive.org/web/20161010053305/http://microtonaltrumpet.com/ The Microtonal Trumpet] (2007-2016, archived) | Like any other instrument, xenharmonic notation doesn't need to deviate far beyond the existing standards. However, with the trumpet in particular, there has been some discourse on specific types of notation which would allow for sight-reading quartertonal music, due to the implementation of a single button which "enables" quartertones. | ||
** [http://web.archive.org/web/20220925135607/https://microtonalprojects.com/the-microtonal-trumpet/ The Microtonal Trumpet] on Microtonal Projects' BLOG (2017-2022, archived) | |||
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20140224083226/http://www.marcoblaauw.com:80/en/instruments Double Bell Trumpet] (2007-2014, archived), by Marco Blaauw — quartertone ([[24edo]]) trumpet | Most notably, Don Ellis created a notation system designed for quartertone trumpet using standard notation andd downward arrows. In his book, [https://archive.org/details/don-ellis-quarter-tones/ ''Quarter Tones: A Text with Musical Examples, Exercises and Etudes''], he wrote: | ||
* [http://themoderntrumpet.com/2020/12/01/microtones/ Microtones] on The Modern Trumpet, by Nathan Plante — extended techniques, quartertone (24edo) trumpet | <blockquote sign="Don Ellis"> | ||
"On the four valve quarter-tone trumpet the first three valves operate exactly like the normal three valve trumpet. The fourth valve lowers any combination of the first three by a quarter of a tone. Because this is the way the trumpet operates, I have found it expedient to always indicate quarter tones for the trumpet with the arrow downward. This means the trumpeter has only to play whatever note [they see], whether natural, sharped or flatted, and if the arrow points downward in front of it [they] merely [depress] the fourth valve to get the proper tone." | |||
</blockquote>This notation system could be quickly adapted to most other common tunings for the trumpet. For 24edo, the notation system can be referred to as "[[Don Ellis notation]]" or "Ellis notation." | |||
For the Nalbantis trumpet, Vasilis created a simple notation system for 48 divisions, which can be seen in his piece, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPGdyt11O3w Χερουβικός Ύμνος]. | |||
== Listen == | |||
''Note: This is not a comprehensive list for many of the artists listed.'' | |||
=== Don Ellis === | |||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DmPRS0rTOFQ Old Man's Tear] | |||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pl0rrwYDmE8 Sladka Pitka] | |||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JkfNJWjqrg Indian Lady] | |||
=== Ibrahim Maalouf === | |||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9StA0PQXWzo Questions and Answers] | |||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpg8jBFaj3c Beirut] | |||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8ndu0CYwGU Feeling Good (feat. Dear Silas)] | |||
=== Stephen Altoft === | |||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fT4p57OdeeQ Time Dreaming] | |||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZvJB3wer5M8 Four Aspects] | |||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YvxjifU3Qwk Gathering Meaning] | |||
=== Nassim Maalouf === | |||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jClH5PHiwZA Walid Gholmieh] | |||
=== Vasilis Nalbantis === | |||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPGdyt11O3w Χερουβικός Ύμνος] | |||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WcWiUwBzwTU Βασίλης Ναλμπάντης] | |||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sdpgh2L-FAc Τεριρέμ] | |||
=== [[luphoria]] === | |||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dcpkrci64Ms look] | |||
=== Oli Parker === | |||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQxHsx6JnJY The Xenharmonic Trumpet] | |||
==External links== | |||
*The Microtonal Trumpet, by Stephen Altoft, Donald Bousted — extended techniques, [[19edo]] trumpet | |||
**[http://web.archive.org/web/20161010053305/http://microtonaltrumpet.com/ The Microtonal Trumpet] (2007-2016, archived) | |||
**[http://web.archive.org/web/20220925135607/https://microtonalprojects.com/the-microtonal-trumpet/ The Microtonal Trumpet] on Microtonal Projects' BLOG (2017-2022, archived) | |||
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20140224083226/http://www.marcoblaauw.com:80/en/instruments Double Bell Trumpet] (2007-2014, archived), by Marco Blaauw — quartertone ([[24edo]]) trumpet | |||
*[http://themoderntrumpet.com/2020/12/01/microtones/ Microtones] on The Modern Trumpet, by Nathan Plante — extended techniques, quartertone (24edo) trumpet | |||
[[Category:Instruments]] | [[Category:Instruments]] | ||