Middle-Eastern music: Difference between revisions
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This is an imported revision from Wikispaces. The revision metadata is included below for reference:<br> | This is an imported revision from Wikispaces. The revision metadata is included below for reference:<br> | ||
: This revision was by author [[User: | : This revision was by author [[User:guest|guest]] and made on <tt>2012-11-30 05:02:29 UTC</tt>.<br> | ||
: The original revision id was <tt> | : The original revision id was <tt>387614180</tt>.<br> | ||
: The revision comment was: <tt></tt><br> | : The revision comment was: <tt></tt><br> | ||
The revision contents are below, presented both in the original Wikispaces Wikitext format, and in HTML exactly as Wikispaces rendered it.<br> | The revision contents are below, presented both in the original Wikispaces Wikitext format, and in HTML exactly as Wikispaces rendered it.<br> | ||
<h4>Original Wikitext content:</h4> | <h4>Original Wikitext content:</h4> | ||
<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html">Along with the [[Indian]] tradition, the music of the Middle and Near East (Arabic, Turkish, and Persian) is one of the important microtonal <span class="wiki_link_ext">music</span> traditions. | <div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html">==1st go to http://www.samavb.com== | ||
Along with the [[Indian]] tradition, the music of the Middle and Near East (Arabic, Turkish, and Persian) is one of the important microtonal <span class="wiki_link_ext">music</span> traditions. | |||
A central concept is "maqam" (pl. maqamat), which corresponds somewhat (but not exactly) to the Western "mode". An introduction to maqam theory can be found on [[http://www.maqamworld.com/|http://www.maqamworld.com]]. The Arabic maqam and Turkish makam systems differ to some degree from the related Persian system of dastgah. | A central concept is "maqam" (pl. maqamat), which corresponds somewhat (but not exactly) to the Western "mode". An introduction to maqam theory can be found on [[http://www.maqamworld.com/|http://www.maqamworld.com]]. The Arabic maqam and Turkish makam systems differ to some degree from the related Persian system of dastgah. | ||
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[[http://240edo.googlepages.com/persianmusic]] - a list of links related to Persian music, maintained by [[Shaahin Mohajeri]]</pre></div> | [[http://240edo.googlepages.com/persianmusic]] - a list of links related to Persian music, maintained by [[Shaahin Mohajeri]]</pre></div> | ||
<h4>Original HTML content:</h4> | <h4>Original HTML content:</h4> | ||
<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;width:200%;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html"><html><head><title>Arabic, Turkish, Persian</title></head><body>Along with the <a class="wiki_link" href="/Indian">Indian</a> tradition, the music of the Middle and Near East (Arabic, Turkish, and Persian) is one of the important microtonal <span class="wiki_link_ext">music</span> traditions.<br /> | <div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;width:200%;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html"><html><head><title>Arabic, Turkish, Persian</title></head><body><!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:0:&lt;h2&gt; --><h2 id="toc0"><a name="x-1st go to http://www.samavb.com"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:0 -->1st go to <!-- ws:start:WikiTextUrlRule:120:http://www.samavb.com --><a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.samavb.com" rel="nofollow">http://www.samavb.com</a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextUrlRule:120 --></h2> | ||
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Along with the <a class="wiki_link" href="/Indian">Indian</a> tradition, the music of the Middle and Near East (Arabic, Turkish, and Persian) is one of the important microtonal <span class="wiki_link_ext">music</span> traditions.<br /> | |||
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A central concept is &quot;maqam&quot; (pl. maqamat), which corresponds somewhat (but not exactly) to the Western &quot;mode&quot;. An introduction to maqam theory can be found on <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.maqamworld.com/" rel="nofollow">http://www.maqamworld.com</a>. The Arabic maqam and Turkish makam systems differ to some degree from the related Persian system of dastgah.<br /> | A central concept is &quot;maqam&quot; (pl. maqamat), which corresponds somewhat (but not exactly) to the Western &quot;mode&quot;. An introduction to maqam theory can be found on <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.maqamworld.com/" rel="nofollow">http://www.maqamworld.com</a>. The Arabic maqam and Turkish makam systems differ to some degree from the related Persian system of dastgah.<br /> | ||
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The use of microtones in these systems can be extremely subtle, as is demonstrated in a <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://shumays.libsyn.com/index.php?post_id=177745" rel="nofollow">podcast</a> by Arabic violin player Sami Abu Shumays: by his count, there could be 12 different notes within a half step.<br /> | The use of microtones in these systems can be extremely subtle, as is demonstrated in a <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://shumays.libsyn.com/index.php?post_id=177745" rel="nofollow">podcast</a> by Arabic violin player Sami Abu Shumays: by his count, there could be 12 different notes within a half step.<br /> | ||
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<!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule: | <!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:14:&lt;img id=&quot;wikitext@@toc@@flat&quot; class=&quot;WikiMedia WikiMediaTocFlat&quot; title=&quot;Table of Contents&quot; src=&quot;/site/embedthumbnail/toc/flat?w=100&amp;h=16&quot;/&gt; --><!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:14 --><!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:15: --><!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:15 --><!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:16: --> | <a href="#Maqamat in equal temperaments">Maqamat in equal temperaments</a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:16 --><!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:17: --> | <a href="#Unequal temperaments for maqamat">Unequal temperaments for maqamat</a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:17 --><!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:18: --> | <a href="#External links">External links</a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:18 --><!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:19: --><!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:19 --><!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:20: --><!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:20 --><!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:21: --><!-- ws:end:WikiTextTocRule:21 --><!-- ws:start:WikiTextTocRule:22: --> | ||
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<!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule: | <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:2:&lt;h1&gt; --><h1 id="toc1"><a name="Maqamat in equal temperaments"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:2 -->Maqamat in equal temperaments</h1> | ||
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There have been various endeavors, also in recent history, to establish a common tuning standard. A few of these are described in a <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.ozanyarman.com/files/34%27ten_79%27a.pdf" rel="nofollow">paper by Ozan Yarman</a>. However, none of these have been really successful (at least not as successful as 12edo in Western music). <a class="wiki_link" href="/24edo">24edo</a> has found a certain dissemination, especially in the Arabic world, though many consider it a bad compromise. Other equal temperaments that have been used are <a class="wiki_link" href="/53edo">53edo</a> and <a class="wiki_link" href="/72edo">72edo</a>, but even those (apart from the inconvenience caused by their high pitch counts) do not cover all details.<br /> | There have been various endeavors, also in recent history, to establish a common tuning standard. A few of these are described in a <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.ozanyarman.com/files/34%27ten_79%27a.pdf" rel="nofollow">paper by Ozan Yarman</a>. However, none of these have been really successful (at least not as successful as 12edo in Western music). <a class="wiki_link" href="/24edo">24edo</a> has found a certain dissemination, especially in the Arabic world, though many consider it a bad compromise. Other equal temperaments that have been used are <a class="wiki_link" href="/53edo">53edo</a> and <a class="wiki_link" href="/72edo">72edo</a>, but even those (apart from the inconvenience caused by their high pitch counts) do not cover all details.<br /> | ||
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<a class="wiki_link" href="/Tsaharuk">Tsaharuk</a>, as proposed by <a class="wiki_link" href="/Jacques%20Dudon">Jacques Dudon</a>, can be realized in <a class="wiki_link" href="/77edo">77edo</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/94edo">94edo</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/111edo">111edo</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/128edo">128edo</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/145edo">145edo</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/171edo">171edo</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/359edo">359edo</a>.<br /> | <a class="wiki_link" href="/Tsaharuk">Tsaharuk</a>, as proposed by <a class="wiki_link" href="/Jacques%20Dudon">Jacques Dudon</a>, can be realized in <a class="wiki_link" href="/77edo">77edo</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/94edo">94edo</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/111edo">111edo</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/128edo">128edo</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/145edo">145edo</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/171edo">171edo</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/359edo">359edo</a>.<br /> | ||
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<!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule: | <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:4:&lt;h1&gt; --><h1 id="toc2"><a name="Unequal temperaments for maqamat"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:4 -->Unequal temperaments for maqamat</h1> | ||
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In equal temperaments, as seen above, there is always a tradeoff between the diverging requirements of high pitch accuracy and a manageable pitch count. One possible way out of this dilemma is use of unequal temperaments. These allow for playing of multiple maqamat with comparatively few notes, with, on the other hand, restrictions in the possibilities to modulate.<br /> | In equal temperaments, as seen above, there is always a tradeoff between the diverging requirements of high pitch accuracy and a manageable pitch count. One possible way out of this dilemma is use of unequal temperaments. These allow for playing of multiple maqamat with comparatively few notes, with, on the other hand, restrictions in the possibilities to modulate.<br /> | ||
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See also <a class="wiki_link" href="/Turkish%20maqam%20music%20temperaments">Turkish maqam music temperaments</a>.<br /> | See also <a class="wiki_link" href="/Turkish%20maqam%20music%20temperaments">Turkish maqam music temperaments</a>.<br /> | ||
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<!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule: | <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:6:&lt;h1&gt; --><h1 id="toc3"><a name="External links"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:6 -->External links</h1> | ||
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<!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule: | <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:8:&lt;h3&gt; --><h3 id="toc4"><a name="External links--Arabic"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:8 -->Arabic</h3> | ||
<a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.maqamworld.com" rel="nofollow">Arabic Maqam World</a> (Johnny Farraj, Sami Abu Shumays <em>et al</em>)<br /> | <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.maqamworld.com" rel="nofollow">Arabic Maqam World</a> (Johnny Farraj, Sami Abu Shumays <em>et al</em>)<br /> | ||
<a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.classicalarabicmusic.com/scales.htm" rel="nofollow">Classical Arabic Music</a><br /> | <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.classicalarabicmusic.com/scales.htm" rel="nofollow">Classical Arabic Music</a><br /> | ||
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<a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://foredofico.org/CERMAA/" rel="nofollow">CERMAA</a> (academic research for arabic and related music, namely various articles by <a class="wiki_link" href="/Amine%20Beyhom">Amine Beyhom</a>)<br /> | <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://foredofico.org/CERMAA/" rel="nofollow">CERMAA</a> (academic research for arabic and related music, namely various articles by <a class="wiki_link" href="/Amine%20Beyhom">Amine Beyhom</a>)<br /> | ||
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<!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule: | <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:10:&lt;h3&gt; --><h3 id="toc5"><a name="External links--Turkish"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:10 -->Turkish</h3> | ||
<a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.hinesmusic.com/What_Are_Makams.html" rel="nofollow">Tetrachords and Makams of Turkey</a> - another theory site<br /> | <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.hinesmusic.com/What_Are_Makams.html" rel="nofollow">Tetrachords and Makams of Turkey</a> - another theory site<br /> | ||
<a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.turkishmusicportal.org" rel="nofollow">http://www.turkishmusicportal.org</a> - listening<br /> | <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.turkishmusicportal.org" rel="nofollow">http://www.turkishmusicportal.org</a> - listening<br /> | ||
<a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.turkishmusic.org/index.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.turkishmusic.org</a> - listening<br /> | <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.turkishmusic.org/index.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.turkishmusic.org</a> - listening<br /> | ||
<!-- ws:start:WikiTextUrlRule: | <!-- ws:start:WikiTextUrlRule:121:http://www.turkishmusic.org/index18.html --><a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.turkishmusic.org/index18.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.turkishmusic.org/index18.html</a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextUrlRule:121 --> - listening<br /> | ||
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<!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule: | <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:12:&lt;h3&gt; --><h3 id="toc6"><a name="External links--Persian"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:12 -->Persian</h3> | ||
<a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://240edo.googlepages.com/persianmusic" rel="nofollow">http://240edo.googlepages.com/persianmusic</a> - a list of links related to Persian music, maintained by <a class="wiki_link" href="/Shaahin%20Mohajeri">Shaahin Mohajeri</a></body></html></pre></div> | <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://240edo.googlepages.com/persianmusic" rel="nofollow">http://240edo.googlepages.com/persianmusic</a> - a list of links related to Persian music, maintained by <a class="wiki_link" href="/Shaahin%20Mohajeri">Shaahin Mohajeri</a></body></html></pre></div> | ||