Projection: Difference between revisions

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→Units: extract material from D&D guide that is too advanced to be included there
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So the primes only match along the main diagonal. There, they could be considered to cancel out. But we see no value to this. We may as well keep those as '''p'''/'''p''' like all the other entries.
So the primes only match along the main diagonal. There, they could be considered to cancel out. But we see no value to this. We may as well keep those as '''p'''/'''p''' like all the other entries.
For a full derivation of this, see [[Dave Keenan & Douglas Blumeyer's guide to RTT: units analysis#Generator embedding, mapping: projection matrix]].


Here's an example (again, of quarter-comma meantone) of a projection matrix with both its amounts and units:
Here's an example (again, of quarter-comma meantone) of a projection matrix with both its amounts and units:
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</math>
</math>


In the following subsections, we examine units-only analyses of some RTT objects. For simpler of examples of these, see [[Dave Keenan & Douglas Blumeyer's guide to RTT: units analysis#Units-only analyses]].
===Generator embedding, mapping: projection matrix===
A <math>\small 𝗽</math>/<math>\small 𝗴</math> generator embedding and a <math>\small 𝗴</math>/<math>\small 𝗽</math> mapping combine to make a <math>\small 𝗽</math>/<math>\small 𝗽</math> projection matrix.
<math>
\begin{align}
\begin{array} {c} G \\[4pt]
\left[\begin{array} {rrr}
\frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}} & \frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}} \\[6pt]
\frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}} & \frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}} \\[6pt]
\frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}} & \frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}} \\[6pt]
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
\begin{array} {c} M \\[4pt]
\left[ \begin{array} {rrr}
\frac{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}} & \frac{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}} & \frac{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}} \\[6pt]
\frac{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}} & \frac{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}} & \frac{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}} \\[6pt]
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
&\begin{array}{c}\\[4pt]=\end{array}
\begin{array} {c} GM \\[4pt]
\left[ \begin{array} {rrr}
(\frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}}{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}})
+
(\frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}}{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}})
&
(\frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}}{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}})
+
(\frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}}{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}})
&
(\frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}}{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}})
+
(\frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}}{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}})
\\[6pt]
(\frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}}{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}})
+
(\frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}}{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}})
&
(\frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}}{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}})
+
(\frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}}{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}})
&
(\frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}}{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}})
+
(\frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}}{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}})
\\[6pt]
(\frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}}{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}})
+
(\frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}}{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}})
&
(\frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}}{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}})
+
(\frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}}{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}})
&
(\frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}}{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}})
+
(\frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}}{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}})
\\[6pt]
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
\\[20pt] &\begin{array}{c}\\[4pt]=\end{array}
\begin{array} {c} P \\[4pt]
\left[ \begin{array} {rrr}
\frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}} & \frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}} & \frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}} \\[6pt]
\frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}} & \frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}} & \frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}} \\[6pt]
\frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}} & \frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}} & \frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}} \\[6pt]
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
\end{align}
</math>
===Just tuning map, generator embedding: generator tuning map===
Here, a <math>\mathsf{¢}</math>/<math>\small 𝗽</math> just tuning map and a <math>\small 𝗽</math>/<math>\small 𝗴</math> generator embedding combine to make a <math>\mathsf{¢}</math>/<math>\small 𝗴</math> generator tuning map.
<math>
\begin{align}
\begin{array} {c} 𝒋 \\[4pt]
\left[ \begin{array} {rrr}
\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}} & \frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}} & \frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}} \\
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
\begin{array} {c} G \\[4pt]
\left[\begin{array} {rrr}
\frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}} & \frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}} \\[6pt]
\frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}} & \frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}} \\[6pt]
\frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}} & \frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}} \\[6pt]
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
&\begin{array}{c}\\[4pt]=\end{array}
\begin{array} {c} 𝒋G \\[4pt]
\left[ \begin{array} {rrr}
(\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\cancel{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}})(\frac{\cancel{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}}{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}) + (\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\cancel{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}})(\frac{\cancel{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}}{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}) + (\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\cancel{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}})(\frac{\cancel{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}}{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}})
&
(\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\cancel{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}})(\frac{\cancel{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}}{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}) + (\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\cancel{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}})(\frac{\cancel{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}}{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}) + (\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\cancel{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}})(\frac{\cancel{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}}{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}})
\\[6pt]
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
\\ &\begin{array}{c}\\[4pt]=\end{array}
\begin{array} {c} 𝒈 \\[4pt]
\left[ \begin{array} {rrr}
\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}} & \frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
\end{align}
</math>
===Just tuning map, projection matrix: tuning map===
A <math>\mathsf{¢}</math>/<math>\small 𝗽</math> just tuning map and a <math>\small 𝗽</math>/<math>\small 𝗽</math> projection matrix combine to make a <math>\mathsf{¢}</math>/<math>\small 𝗽</math> tuning map.
<math>
\begin{align}
\begin{array} {c} 𝒋 \\[4pt]
\left[ \begin{array} {rrr}
\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}} & \frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}} & \frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}} \\
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
\begin{array} {c} P \\[4pt]
\left[ \begin{array} {rrr}
\frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}} & \frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}} & \frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}} \\[6pt]
\frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}} & \frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}} & \frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}} \\[6pt]
\frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}} & \frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}} & \frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}} \\[6pt]
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
&\begin{array}{c}\\[4pt]=\end{array}
\begin{array} {c} 𝒋P \\[4pt]
\left[ \begin{array} {rrr}
(\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\cancel{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}}{\cancel{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}})
+
(\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\cancel{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}}{\cancel{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}})
+
(\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\cancel{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}}{\cancel{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}})
&
(\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\cancel{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}}{\cancel{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}})
+
(\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\cancel{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}}{\cancel{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}})
+
(\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\cancel{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}}{\cancel{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}})
&
(\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\cancel{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}}{\cancel{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}})
+
(\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\cancel{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}}{\cancel{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}})
+
(\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\cancel{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}})
(\frac{\cancel{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}}{\cancel{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}})
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
\\ &\begin{array}{c}\\[4pt]=\end{array}
\begin{array} {c} 𝒕 \\[4pt]
\left[ \begin{array} {rrr}
\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}} & \frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}} & \frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}} \\
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
\end{align}
</math>
===Just tuning map, projected interval: tempered interval size===
A <math>\mathsf{¢}</math>/<math>\small 𝗽</math> just tuning map and a prime-count vector representing a projected interval  combine to give the interval's size in <math>\mathsf{¢}</math>.
<math>
\begin{align}
\begin{array} {c} 𝒋 \\[4pt]
\left[ \begin{array} {rrr}
\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}} & \frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}} & \frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}} \\
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
\begin{array} {c} P\textbf{i} \\[4pt]
\left[ \begin{array} {rrr}
\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1} \\[6pt]
\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2} \\[6pt]
\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3} \\[6pt]
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
&\begin{array}{c}\\[4pt]=\end{array}
\begin{array} {c} 𝒋P\textbf{i} \\[4pt]
\left[ \begin{array} {rrr}
(\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\cancel{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}})(\cancel{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}) + (\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\cancel{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}})(\cancel{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}) + (\frac{{\large\mathsf{¢}}}{\cancel{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}})(\cancel{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}})
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
\\ &\begin{array}{c}\\[4pt]=\end{array}
\begin{array} {c} 𝒕\textbf{i} \\[4pt]
\left[ \begin{array} {rrr}
{\large\mathsf{¢}}
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
\end{align}
</math>
===Generator embedding, mapped interval: projected interval===
A <math>\small 𝗽</math>/<math>\small 𝗴</math> generator embedding and a generator-count vector (units of <math>\small 𝗴</math>) combine to make a prime-count vector (units of <math>\small 𝗽</math>) representing the projected interval.
<math>
\begin{align}
\begin{array} {c} G \\[4pt]
\left[\begin{array} {rrr}
\frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}} & \frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}} \\[6pt]
\frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}} & \frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}} \\[6pt]
\frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}} & \frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}} \\[6pt]
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
\begin{array} {c} M\textbf{i} \\[4pt]
\left[ \begin{array} {rrr}
\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1} \\[6pt]
\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2} \\[6pt]
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
&\begin{array}{c}\\[4pt]=\end{array}
\begin{array} {c} GM\textbf{i} \\[4pt]
\left[ \begin{array} {rrr}
(\frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}})(\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}) + (\frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}})(\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}) \\[6pt]
(\frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}})(\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}) + (\frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}})(\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}) \\[6pt]
(\frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}})(\cancel{\color{BurntOrange}\mathsf{g_1}}) + (\frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}})(\cancel{\color{OrangeRed}\mathsf{g_2}}) \\[6pt]
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
\\[20pt] &\begin{array}{c}\\[4pt]=\end{array}
\begin{array} {c} P\textbf{i} \\[4pt]
\left[ \begin{array} {rrr}
\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1} \\[6pt]
\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2} \\[6pt]
\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3} \\[6pt]
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
\end{align}
</math>
===Projection matrix, interval: projected interval===
A <math>\small 𝗽</math>/<math>\small 𝗽</math> projection matrix and a prime-count vector (units of <math>\small 𝗽</math>) representing an interval combine to make a new prime-count vector (still with units of <math>\small 𝗽</math>) representing the projected interval.
<math>
\begin{align}
\begin{array} {c} P \\[4pt]
\left[ \begin{array} {rrr}
\frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}} & \frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}} & \frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}} \\[6pt]
\frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}} & \frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}} & \frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}} \\[6pt]
\frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}} & \frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}} & \frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}} \\[6pt]
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
\begin{array} {c} \textbf{i} \\[4pt]
\left[ \begin{array} {rrr}
\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1} \\[6pt]
\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2} \\[6pt]
\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3} \\[6pt]
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
&\begin{array}{c}\\[4pt]=\end{array}
\begin{array} {c} P\textbf{i} \\[4pt]
\left[ \begin{array} {rrr}
(\frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\cancel{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}})(\cancel{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}) + (\frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\cancel{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}})(\cancel{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}) + (\frac{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}{\cancel{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}})(\cancel{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}) \\[6pt]
(\frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\cancel{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}})(\cancel{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}) + (\frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\cancel{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}})(\cancel{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}) + (\frac{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}{\cancel{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}})(\cancel{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}) \\[6pt]
(\frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\cancel{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}})(\cancel{\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1}}) + (\frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\cancel{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}})(\cancel{\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2}}) + (\frac{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}{\cancel{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}})(\cancel{\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3}}) \\[6pt]
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
\\[20pt] &\begin{array}{c}\\[4pt]=\end{array}
\begin{array} {c} P\textbf{i} \\[4pt]
\left[ \begin{array} {rrr}
\color{ForestGreen}\mathsf{p_1} \\[6pt]
\color{NavyBlue}\mathsf{p_2} \\[6pt]
\color{Plum}\mathsf{p_3} \\[6pt]
\end{array} \right]
\end{array}
\end{align}
</math>


==Projection properties==
==Projection properties==