Ryan's Working Page: Difference between revisions

Wikispaces>Sarzadoce
**Imported revision 557147201 - Original comment: **
 
ArrowHead294 (talk | contribs)
mNo edit summary
 
(6 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
<h2>IMPORTED REVISION FROM WIKISPACES</h2>
=Attempt to backwards-engineer a Weil-weighted analog for "Zeta"=
This is an imported revision from Wikispaces. The revision metadata is included below for reference:<br>
: This revision was by author [[User:Sarzadoce|Sarzadoce]] and made on <tt>2015-08-21 20:21:08 UTC</tt>.<br>
: The original revision id was <tt>557147201</tt>.<br>
: The revision comment was: <tt></tt><br>
The revision contents are below, presented both in the original Wikispaces Wikitext format, and in HTML exactly as Wikispaces rendered it.<br>
<h4>Original Wikitext content:</h4>
<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html">=Attempt to backwards-engineer a Weil-weighted analog for "Zeta"=  


In Mike's Zeta Function Working Page, we see that zeta can be thought of as a superposition of weighted "cosine accuracy" functions for every unreduced rational:
In [[Mike's Zeta Function Working Page]], we see that [[zeta]] can be thought of as a superposition of weighted "cosine accuracy" functions for every unreduced rational:


[[math]]
<math>\displaystyle
\displaystyle
\left| \zeta(s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + 2 \sum_{n > d} \left[\frac{\cos\left(b\ln\left(\tfrac{n}{d}\right)\right)}{(nd)^{a}}\right]</math>
\left| \zeta(s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + 2 \sum_{n &gt; d} \left[\frac{\cos\left(b\ln\left(\tfrac{n}{d}\right)\right)}{(nd)^{a}}\right]
[[math]]


The cosines are weighted by 1/(nd)&lt;span style="font-size: 11.6999998092651px; vertical-align: super;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;. However, it is of interest to replace n*d with max(n,d)^2 to see if we can derive a Weil-weighted analog of the Zeta function. I will denote this function by f(s).
The cosines are weighted by 1/(nd)<span style="font-size: 11.6999998092651px; vertical-align: super;">a</span>. However, it is of interest to replace n*d with max(n,d)^2 to see if we can derive a [[Weil norm, Tenney–Weil norm, and TWp interval and tuning space|Weil]]-weighted analog of the Zeta function. I will denote this function by f(s).


[[math]]
<math>\displaystyle
\displaystyle
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + 2 \sum_{n > d} \left[\frac{\cos\left(b\ln\left(\tfrac{n}{d}\right)\right)}{\text{max}(n,d)^{2a}}\right]</math>
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + 2 \sum_{n &gt; d} \left[\frac{\cos\left(b\ln\left(\tfrac{n}{d}\right)\right)}{\text{max}(n,d)^{2a}}\right]
[[math]]


Let's do a few manipulations, to try to work our way backwards to f(s):
Let's do a few manipulations, to try to work our way backwards to f(s):


[[math]]
<math>\displaystyle
\displaystyle
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + 2 \sum_{n > d} \left[\frac{\cos\left(b\ln\left(\tfrac{n}{d}\right)\right)}{n^{2a}}\right]</math>
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + 2 \sum_{n &gt; d} \left[\frac{\cos\left(b\ln\left(\tfrac{n}{d}\right)\right)}{n^{2a}}\right]
[[math]]


[[math]]
<math>\displaystyle
\displaystyle
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + \sum_{n > d} \left[\frac{\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)^{-bi} + \left({\tfrac{d}{n}}\right)^{-bi}}{n^{2a}}\right]</math>
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + \sum_{n &gt; d} \left[\frac{\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)^{-bi} + \left({\tfrac{d}{n}}\right)^{-bi}}{n^{2a}}\right]
[[math]]


[[math]]
<math>\displaystyle
\displaystyle
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + \sum_{n > d} \left[ n^{ - \left(2a+bi \right) } d^{ - \left( -bi \right) } + n^{ - \left(2a-bi \right) } d^{ - \left( bi \right) } \right]</math>
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + 2 \text{Re} \left( \sum_{n &gt; d} n^{ - \left(2a+bi \right) } d^{ - \left( -bi \right) } \right)
[[math]]


[[math]]
<math>\displaystyle
\displaystyle
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + 2 \text{Re} \left( \sum_{n > d} n^{ - \left(2a+bi \right) } d^{ - \left( -bi \right) } \right)</math>
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + \sum_{n &gt; d} \left[ n^{ - \left(2a+bi \right) } d^{ - \left( -bi \right) } + n^{ - \left(2a-bi \right) } d^{ - \left( bi \right) } \right]
[[math]]


Note that the RHS of this equation can be broken up into a sum of conjugates. However, we ideally want to break it up into a //product// of conjugates, in order to solve for f(s). This is where I get stuck.</pre></div>
<math>\displaystyle
<h4>Original HTML content:</h4>
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + 2 \text{Re} \left( \sum \limits_{d = 1}^{\infty} \sum \limits_{n = d+1}^{\infty} n^{ - \left(2a+bi \right) } d^{ - \left( -bi \right) } \right)</math>
<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;width:200%;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html">&lt;html&gt;&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;Ryan's Working Page&lt;/title&gt;&lt;/head&gt;&lt;body&gt;&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:6:&amp;lt;h1&amp;gt; --&gt;&lt;h1 id="toc0"&gt;&lt;a name="Attempt to backwards-engineer a Weil-weighted analog for &amp;quot;Zeta&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:6 --&gt;Attempt to backwards-engineer a Weil-weighted analog for &amp;quot;Zeta&amp;quot;&lt;/h1&gt;
 
&lt;br /&gt;
<math>\displaystyle
In Mike's Zeta Function Working Page, we see that zeta can be thought of as a superposition of weighted &amp;quot;cosine accuracy&amp;quot; functions for every unreduced rational:&lt;br /&gt;
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + 2 \text{Re} \left( \sum \limits_{d = 1}^{\infty} \left[ d^{ - \left( -bi \right) } \sum \limits_{n = d+1}^{\infty} n^{ - \left(2a+bi \right) } \right] \right)</math>
&lt;br /&gt;
 
&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextMathRule:0:
<math>\displaystyle
[[math]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + 2 \text{Re} \left( \sum \limits_{d = 1}^{\infty} \left[ d^{ - \left( -bi \right) } \zeta(2a+ib,d+1) \right] \right)</math>
\displaystyle&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
 
\left| \zeta(s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + 2 \sum_{n &amp;gt; d} \left[\frac{\cos\left(b\ln\left(\tfrac{n}{d}\right)\right)}{(nd)^{a}}\right]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;[[math]]
<math>\displaystyle
--&gt;&lt;script type="math/tex"&gt;\displaystyle
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + 2 \sum \limits_{d = 1}^{\infty} \text{Re} \left[ d^{ - \left( -bi \right) } \zeta(2a+ib,d+1) \right]</math>
\left| \zeta(s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + 2 \sum_{n &gt; d} \left[\frac{\cos\left(b\ln\left(\tfrac{n}{d}\right)\right)}{(nd)^{a}}\right]&lt;/script&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextMathRule:0 --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 
&lt;br /&gt;
At this point I get stuck. Having a generalized zeta function inside a sum isn't exactly the easiest function to manipulate.
The cosines are weighted by 1/(nd)&lt;span style="font-size: 11.6999998092651px; vertical-align: super;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;. However, it is of interest to replace n*d with max(n,d)^2 to see if we can derive a Weil-weighted analog of the Zeta function. I will denote this function by f(s).&lt;br /&gt;
 
&lt;br /&gt;
-----
&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextMathRule:1:
 
[[math]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;
=Mike's attempt=
\displaystyle&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
 
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + 2 \sum_{n &amp;gt; d} \left[\frac{\cos\left(b\ln\left(\tfrac{n}{d}\right)\right)}{\text{max}(n,d)^{2a}}\right]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;[[math]]
Let's start here
--&gt;&lt;script type="math/tex"&gt;\displaystyle
 
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + 2 \sum_{n &gt; d} \left[\frac{\cos\left(b\ln\left(\tfrac{n}{d}\right)\right)}{\text{max}(n,d)^{2a}}\right]&lt;/script&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextMathRule:1 --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
<math>\displaystyle
&lt;br /&gt;
\left| \zeta(s) \right|^2 = \sum_{n,d} \left[ \frac{\cos\left(b \ln\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)\right)}{(nd)^{a}} \right]</math>
Let's do a few manipulations, to try to work our way backwards to f(s):&lt;br /&gt;
 
&lt;br /&gt;
and change the denominator to max(n,d)^2a
&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextMathRule:2:
 
[[math]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;
<math>\displaystyle
\displaystyle&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
\left| \zeta(s) \right|^2 = \sum_{n,d} \left[ \frac{\cos\left(b \ln\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)\right)}{\max(n,d)^{2a}} \right]</math>
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + 2 \sum_{n &amp;gt; d} \left[\frac{\cos\left(b\ln\left(\tfrac{n}{d}\right)\right)}{n^{2a}}\right]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;[[math]]
 
--&gt;&lt;script type="math/tex"&gt;\displaystyle
OK, so now let's split it into three sub-series -- n=d, n&gt;d, n&lt;d
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + 2 \sum_{n &gt; d} \left[\frac{\cos\left(b\ln\left(\tfrac{n}{d}\right)\right)}{n^{2a}}\right]&lt;/script&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextMathRule:2 --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 
&lt;br /&gt;
<math>\displaystyle
&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextMathRule:3:
\left| \zeta(s) \right|^2 = \sum_{n=d} \left[ \frac{\cos\left(b \ln\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)\right)}{(nd)^{a}} \right] +
[[math]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;
\sum_{n>d} \left[ \frac{\cos\left(b \ln\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)\right)}{(nn)^{a}} \right] +
\displaystyle&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
\sum_{n< d} \left[ \frac{\cos\left(b \ln\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)\right)}{(dd)^{a}} \right]</math>
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + \sum_{n &amp;gt; d} \left[\frac{\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)^{-bi} + \left({\tfrac{d}{n}}\right)^{-bi}}{n^{2a}}\right]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;[[math]]
 
--&gt;&lt;script type="math/tex"&gt;\displaystyle
OK, so for every term in the middle sum, there's a corresponding term on the right where n and d are interchanged. So if n=p and d=q in the middle sum, and p&gt;q, then we get the following two terms (the left from the middle sum, the right from the right sum)
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + \sum_{n &gt; d} \left[\frac{\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)^{-bi} + \left({\tfrac{d}{n}}\right)^{-bi}}{n^{2a}}\right]&lt;/script&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextMathRule:3 --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 
&lt;br /&gt;
<math>\displaystyle
&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextMathRule:4:
\frac{\cos\left(b \ln\left({\tfrac{p}{q}}\right)\right)}{(pp)^{a}} +
[[math]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;
\frac{\cos\left(b \ln\left({\tfrac{q}{p}}\right)\right)}{(pp)^{a}}</math>
\displaystyle&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
 
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + 2 \text{Re} \left( \sum_{n &amp;gt; d} n^{ - \left(2a+bi \right) } d^{ - \left( -bi \right) } \right)&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;[[math]]
OK, let's throw some extra sin terms in there which cancel out to make this look more like Euler's identity
--&gt;&lt;script type="math/tex"&gt;\displaystyle
 
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + 2 \text{Re} \left( \sum_{n &gt; d} n^{ - \left(2a+bi \right) } d^{ - \left( -bi \right) } \right)&lt;/script&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextMathRule:4 --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
<math>\displaystyle
&lt;br /&gt;
\frac{\cos\left(b \ln\left({\tfrac{p}{q}}\right)\right) + i\sin\left(b \ln\left({\tfrac{p}{q}}\right)\right)}{(pp)^{a}} +
&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextMathRule:5:
\frac{\cos\left(b \ln\left({\tfrac{q}{p}}\right)\right) + i\sin\left(b \ln\left({\tfrac{q}{p}}\right)\right)}{(pp)^{a}}</math>
[[math]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;
 
\displaystyle&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
OK, so we can throw these extra terms back in the original three-part series and get this
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + \sum_{n &amp;gt; d} \left[ n^{ - \left(2a+bi \right) } d^{ - \left( -bi \right) } + n^{ - \left(2a-bi \right) } d^{ - \left( bi \right) } \right]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;[[math]]
 
--&gt;&lt;script type="math/tex"&gt;\displaystyle
<math>\displaystyle
\left| \text{f} (s) \right|^2 = \zeta(2a) + \sum_{n &gt; d} \left[ n^{ - \left(2a+bi \right) } d^{ - \left( -bi \right) } + n^{ - \left(2a-bi \right) } d^{ - \left( bi \right) } \right]&lt;/script&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextMathRule:5 --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
\left| \zeta(s) \right|^2 = \sum_{n=d} \left[ \frac{\cos\left(b \ln\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)\right)}{(nd)^{a}} \right] +
&lt;br /&gt;
\sum_{n>d} \left[ \frac{\cos\left(b \ln\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)\right) + i\sin\left(b \ln\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)\right)}{(nn)^{a}} \right] +
Note that the RHS of this equation can be broken up into a sum of conjugates. However, we ideally want to break it up into a &lt;em&gt;product&lt;/em&gt; of conjugates, in order to solve for f(s). This is where I get stuck.&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;</pre></div>
\sum_{n< d} \left[ \frac{\cos\left(b \ln\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)\right) + i\sin\left(b \ln\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)\right)}{(dd)^{a}} \right]</math>
 
Also, we can add a magical sin term that evaluates to 0 on the left side, yielding
 
<math>\displaystyle
\left| \zeta(s) \right|^2 = \sum_{n=d} \left[ \frac{\cos\left(b \ln\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)\right) + i\sin\left(b \ln\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)\right)}{(nd)^{a}} \right] +
\sum_{n>d} \left[ \frac{\cos\left(b \ln\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)\right) + i\sin\left(b \ln\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)\right)}{(nn)^{a}} \right] +
\sum_{n< d} \left[ \frac{\cos\left(b \ln\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)\right) + i\sin\left(b \ln\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)\right)}{(dd)^{a}} \right]</math>
 
Euler baby, Euler
 
<math>\displaystyle
\left| \zeta(s) \right|^2 = \sum_{n=d} \left[ \frac{\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)^{-bi}}{(nd)^{a}} \right] +
\sum_{n>d} \left[ \frac{\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)^{-bi}}{(nn)^{a}} \right] +
\sum_{n< d} \left[ \frac{\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)^{-bi}}{(dd)^{a}} \right]</math>
 
OK, let's make it all one sum again
 
<math>\displaystyle
\left| \zeta(s) \right|^2 = \sum_{n,d} \left[ \frac{\left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)^{-bi}}{\max(n,d)^{2a}} \right] = \sum_{n,d} \left[\max(n,d)^{-2a} \cdot \left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)^{-bi} \right]</math>
 
Now, let's note that max(n,d)^2a = (nd)^a * max(n/d,d/n)^a, and that max(n/d,d/n) = exp(|log(n/d)|). So we get
 
<math>\displaystyle
\left| \zeta(s) \right|^2 = \sum_{n,d} \left[e^{-a \left| \log(n/d) \right|} \cdot (nd)^{-a} \cdot \left({\tfrac{n}{d}}\right)^{-bi} \right]</math>
 
The right terms become
 
<math>\displaystyle
\left| \zeta(s) \right|^2 = \sum_{n,d} \left[e^{-a \left| \log(n/d) \right|} \cdot n^{-(a+bi)} \cdot d^{-(a-bi)} \right]</math>
 
Alright!! I'm going to bed.
[[Category:Math]]
[[Category:Zeta]]
 
{{todo|move to userspace}}