Instruments: Difference between revisions

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~~<h2>IMPORTED REVISION FROM WIKISPACES</h2>~~

~~This is an imported revision~~ from ~~Wikispaces~~. The ~~revision metadata~~ is ~~included below for reference~~:~~<br>~~

: ~~This revision was by author~~ [[~~User~~:~~hstraub~~|~~hstraub~~]] and ~~made on <tt>2006-08-07 10~~:38:~~26 UTC</tt>~~.~~<br>~~

Many kinds of musical instruments can be used to play [[microtonal music]], ranging from non-microtonal instruments (i.e. designed to be played in [[12edo]]) to custom-designed xenharmonic instruments.

: ~~The original revision id was <tt>985207</tt>~~.~~<br>~~

: ~~The revision comment was~~: ~~<tt><~~/~~tt><br>~~

Fixed pitch instruments make it easier for musicians to play notes accurately and reliably, although they give access to a limited set of pitches. Many non-microtonal instruments can be played microtonally without any modification to the instrument by using extended techniques, such as microtonal fingerings on woodwinds. Non-microtonal instruments can also be modified, either temporarily or permanently; this includes notably nonstandard (open) tunings on string instruments and [[Guitar#Refretting|guitar refretting]]. Finally, new instruments can be created from scratch; many such custom-designed instruments can be found in the [[list of xenharmonic fixed pitch instruments]].

~~The revision contents are below~~, ~~presented~~ both ~~in the original Wikispaces Wikitext format~~, and in ~~HTML exactly as Wikispaces rendered it~~.~~<br>~~

~~<h4>Original Wikitext content~~:</~~h4>~~

Continuous pitch instruments give access to a wider range of pitches, but often require more skill to be played accurately and reliably. The human voice falls in this category, along with other standard instruments such as [[bowed strings]] and [[trombone]]s. Some extended techniques allow for continuous pitch adjustments, even on fixed pitch instruments, such as [[Wikipedia:String bending|string bending]] on guitars and lip bending on wind instruments like [[trumpet]]s and saxophones. Several custom instruments also fall in this category, including the [[udderbot]] and the [[Infinitone]].

~~<div style~~=~~"width~~:~~100%; max-height~~:~~400pt; overflow~~:~~auto; background~~-~~color~~:~~#f8f9fa; border~~: ~~1px solid #eaecf0; padding~~:~~0em"><pre style="margin~~:~~0px;border~~:~~none;background:none;word~~-~~wrap~~:~~break-word;white-space~~: ~~pre-wrap ! important" class~~=~~"old-revision-html">Informations about how to get musical~~ instruments ~~to play microtonal music~~

* [[~~microguitar~~|~~Guitars~~]]~~</pre></div>~~

The following is a non-exhaustive list of instruments which can be used to play xenharmonic music. You can find additional information by following the links to each instrument's dedicated page.

~~<h4>Original HTML content~~:~~</h4>~~

~~<div style="width~~:~~100%; max-height~~:~~400pt; overflow~~:~~auto; background~~-~~color~~:#~~f8f9fa~~; ~~border: 1px solid #eaecf0~~; ~~padding~~:~~0em"><pre style="margin~~:~~0px;border~~:~~none;background:none;word~~-~~wrap:break~~-~~word;width:200%;white~~-~~space~~: ~~pre~~-~~wrap ! important" class="old~~-~~revision~~-~~html"><html><head><title>MicrotonalInstruments<~~/~~title><~~/~~head><body>Informations about how to get musical~~ instruments ~~to play microtonal music<br~~ /~~>~~

== String instruments ==

~~<ul><li><a class="wiki_link" href="~~/~~microguitar">Guitars<~~/~~a><~~/~~li><~~/~~ul><~~/~~body><~~/~~html><~~/~~pre>~~<~~/div~~>

=== Plucked strings ===

* Fretted:

**[[Guitar]]

** [[Electric bass]]

**[[Pedal steel guitar]]

**[[Fun With Microtones|Ukulele]]

** Others: banjo, bouzuki, mandolin, balalaika, sitar, [[Wikipedia:Moodswinger|moodswinger]], etc.

* Fretless:

**[[Autoharp]]

** [[Electric bass|Fretless bass]]

** [[Qanun]]

** Others: oud, harp, zither (including kantele), hammer dulcimer, [[Wikipedia:Đàn bầu|đàn bầu]], etc.

* Keyboard plucked strings

** Harpsichord

{{todo|inline=1|complete section|text=Add information about harpsichords, including microtonal harpsichords.}}

=== Bowed strings ===

* Fretted:

** [[Bowed strings|Viol family and other bowed fretted strings]] (viola da gamba, some types of violone, baryton, arpeggione, GuitarViol, fretted violin, etc.)

* Fretless:

** [[Bowed strings|Violin family]] (violin, viola, cello, bass, some types of violone, etc.)

** Others: [[Wikipedia:Huqin|huqin]], etc.

== Wind instruments ==

=== Brass instruments ===

* [[Flugelhorn]]

* [[Horn]]

* [[Trumpet]]

* [[Trombone]]

* Others: tuba, digeridoo, alphorn, etc.

=== Woodwind instruments ===

* Reedless:

** [[Flute]]

** [[Recorder]]

** [[Shakuhachi]]

** [[Whistle]]

** Others: khaen, some very small organs, etc.

* Reed:

** [[Bassoon]]/contrabassoon

** Oboe

** English horn

** Heckelphone/Lupophone

** [[Clarinet]]

** [[Harmonica]]

** [[Saxophone]]

** [[Fretless saxophone]]

** Others: reed organ, regal, accordion, melodica, etc.

* Combination:

** Organ (usually has both flue and reed stops, and may also have percussion stops, especially in the case of theatre organs)

{{todo|inline=1|complete section|text=Add organ information page including microtonal organs.}}

=== Others ===

* [http://launch.groups.yahoo.com/group/oddmusic/message/17051 Balloon flute]{{dead link}}

* [[Infinitone]]

* [[Udderbot]]

== Percussion instruments ==

* Mallet keyboards:

** [[Marimba]]

** Others: vibraphone, xylophone, glockenspiel, crotales, lithophone, etc.

* Tuned drums: timpani, rototoms, pat waing, etc.

* Bells:

**[[Conic Bellophone in 96edo|Conic bellophone]]

** [http://www.ekmelic-music.org/en/instr/kk.htm Sound tower/sound cube]{{dead link}}

**[[Tubulong]]

** Others: carillon, amglocken, handbells, etc.

* Lamellophones:

** [[Kalimba (mbira)]], marimbula

* Friction idiophones:

** [[Daxophone]]

** Others: musical saw, wine glasses, nail violin, etc.

* Hammered dulcimers (including [[wikipedia:yangqin|yangqin]] and lavachord, the latter of which also belongs to keyboard instruments)

** Finger-hammered dulcimers: [[harpejji]].

* [[Keyboard]]s: piano, tangent piano (including [[fluid piano]]), organ (when equipped with percussion stops), clavichord (including the Clavinet and its derivatives).

{{todo|inline=1|complete section|text=Add clavichord information page including microtonal derivatives of the Clavinet.}}

== Electronic instruments ==

* [[Software]], [[DAWs]], [[List of Microtonal Software Plugins|plugins]]

* Synthesizers:

** [[Lumatone]]

** [[SoMa Terra]]

** Others: see [[Keyboard#List of generalized keyboards]]

* [[Novation Launchpad]]

* [[Wikipedia:Ondes Martenot|Ondes Martenot]]

* [[Wikipedia:Theremin|Theremin]]

* [[Wikipedia:Trautonium|Trautonium]]

* Web browser-based on-screen keyboards:

** [[User:SAKryukov#Microtonal Fabric|“Microtonal Fabric” family]]

** ReTuner: [https://www.facebook.com/retuner on facebook], [https://encyclotronic.com/apps/microtonal/retuner-r24 on Encyclotronic]{{dead link}}

== Tuning-agnostic instruments ==

These instruments can play in any microtonal scale out-of-the-box, because 12edo is not a part of their manufacture:

*[[Daxophone]]

* Fretless string instruments

** Fretless bass

** Fretless guitar

** Oud

** Violin, viola, cello, double bass (the string quartet is a whole tuning-agnostic ensemble)

* Musical saw

* String instruments with one pitch per string

** Hammered dulcimer (when provided with on-the-fly adjustable tuning mechanism, such as fluid dulcimer or the more modern versions of [[Wikipedia:Yangqin|Yangqin]])

* [[Wikipedia:Ondes Martenot|Ondes Martenot]]

* [[Wikipedia:Theremin|Theremin]]

* [[Wikipedia:Trautonium|Trautonium]]

* Wind instruments with a slide or other continuous pitch control

** Trombone

** [[Fretless saxophone]]

** [[Infinitone]]

** [[Udderbot]]

== See also ==

* [[List of xenharmonic fixed pitch instruments]]

== Further reading ==

* Hugh Davies/Alexander Bonus, [https://archive.org/details/grovedictionaryo0003unse_w4m2/page/459/ Microtonal instruments], The Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments, Second Edition, 2014

* [https://archive.org/details/emi_archive/ Experimental Musical Instruments] journal

* Fletcher and Rossing, [https://csclub.uwaterloo.ca/~pbarfuss/The_Physics_of_Musical_Instruments.pdf The Physics of Musical Instruments], Springer-Verlag, 1991

[[Category:Instruments| ]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-<h2>IMPORTED REVISION FROM WIKISPACES</h2>
+{{Catrel|Instruments}}
-This is an imported revision from Wikispaces. The revision metadata is included below for reference:<br>
-: This revision was by author [[User:hstraub|hstraub]] and made on <tt>2006-08-07 10:38:26 UTC</tt>.<br>
+Many kinds of musical instruments can be used to play [[microtonal music]], ranging from non-microtonal instruments (i.e. designed to be played in [[12edo]]) to custom-designed xenharmonic instruments.
-: The original revision id was <tt>985207</tt>.<br>
-: The revision comment was: <tt></tt><br>
+Fixed pitch instruments make it easier for musicians to play notes accurately and reliably, although they give access to a limited set of pitches. Many non-microtonal instruments can be played microtonally without any modification to the instrument by using extended techniques, such as microtonal fingerings on woodwinds. Non-microtonal instruments can also be modified, either temporarily or permanently; this includes notably nonstandard (open) tunings on string instruments and [[Guitar#Refretting|guitar refretting]]. Finally, new instruments can be created from scratch; many such custom-designed instruments can be found in the [[list of xenharmonic fixed pitch instruments]].
-The revision contents are below, presented both in the original Wikispaces Wikitext format, and in HTML exactly as Wikispaces rendered it.<br>
-<h4>Original Wikitext content:</h4>
+Continuous pitch instruments give access to a wider range of pitches, but often require more skill to be played accurately and reliably. The human voice falls in this category, along with other standard instruments such as [[bowed strings]] and [[trombone]]s. Some extended techniques allow for continuous pitch adjustments, even on fixed pitch instruments, such as [[Wikipedia:String bending|string bending]] on guitars and lip bending on wind instruments like [[trumpet]]s and saxophones. Several custom instruments also fall in this category, including the [[udderbot]] and the [[Infinitone]].
-<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html">Informations about how to get musical instruments to play microtonal music
-* [[microguitar|Guitars]]</pre></div>
+The following is a non-exhaustive list of instruments which can be used to play xenharmonic music. You can find additional information by following the links to each instrument's dedicated page.
-<h4>Original HTML content:</h4>
-<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;width:200%;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html">&lt;html&gt;&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;MicrotonalInstruments&lt;/title&gt;&lt;/head&gt;&lt;body&gt;Informations about how to get musical instruments to play microtonal music&lt;br /&gt;
+== String instruments ==
-&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/microguitar"&gt;Guitars&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;</pre></div>
+=== Plucked strings ===
+* Fretted:
+**[[Guitar]]
+** [[Electric bass]]
+**[[Pedal steel guitar]]
+**[[Fun With Microtones|Ukulele]]
+** Others: banjo, bouzuki, mandolin, balalaika, sitar, [[Wikipedia:Moodswinger|moodswinger]], etc.
+* Fretless:
+**[[Autoharp]]
+** [[Electric bass|Fretless bass]]
+** [[Qanun]]
+** Others: oud, harp, zither (including kantele), hammer dulcimer, [[Wikipedia:Đàn bầu|đàn bầu]], etc.
+* Keyboard plucked strings
+** Harpsichord
+{{todo|inline=1|complete section|text=Add information about harpsichords, including microtonal harpsichords.}}
+=== Bowed strings ===
+* Fretted:
+** [[Bowed strings|Viol family and other bowed fretted strings]] (viola da gamba, some types of violone, baryton, arpeggione, GuitarViol, fretted violin, etc.)
+* Fretless:
+** [[Bowed strings|Violin family]] (violin, viola, cello, bass, some types of violone, etc.)
+** Others: [[Wikipedia:Huqin|huqin]], etc.
+== Wind instruments ==
+=== Brass instruments ===
+* [[Flugelhorn]]
+* [[Horn]]
+* [[Trumpet]]
+* [[Trombone]]
+* Others: tuba, digeridoo, alphorn, etc.
+=== Woodwind instruments ===
+* Reedless:
+** [[Flute]]
+** [[Recorder]]
+** [[Shakuhachi]]
+** [[Whistle]]
+** Others: khaen, some very small organs, etc.
+* Reed:
+** [[Bassoon]]/contrabassoon
+** Oboe
+** English horn
+** Heckelphone/Lupophone
+** [[Clarinet]]
+** [[Harmonica]]
+** [[Saxophone]]
+** [[Fretless saxophone]]
+** Others: reed organ, regal, accordion, melodica, etc.
+* Combination:
+** Organ (usually has both flue and reed stops, and may also have percussion stops, especially in the case of theatre organs)
+{{todo|inline=1|complete section|text=Add organ information page including microtonal organs.}}
+=== Others ===
+* [http://launch.groups.yahoo.com/group/oddmusic/message/17051 Balloon flute]{{dead link}}
+* [[Infinitone]]
+* [[Udderbot]]
+== Percussion instruments ==
+* Mallet keyboards:
+** [[Marimba]]
+** Others: vibraphone, xylophone, glockenspiel, crotales, lithophone, etc.
+* Tuned drums: timpani, rototoms, pat waing, etc.
+* Bells:
+**[[Conic Bellophone in 96edo|Conic bellophone]]
+** [http://www.ekmelic-music.org/en/instr/kk.htm Sound tower/sound cube]{{dead link}}
+**[[Tubulong]]
+** Others: carillon, amglocken, handbells, etc.
+* Lamellophones:
+** [[Kalimba (mbira)]], marimbula
+* Friction idiophones:
+** [[Daxophone]]
+** Others: musical saw, wine glasses, nail violin, etc.
+* Hammered dulcimers (including [[wikipedia:yangqin|yangqin]] and lavachord, the latter of which also belongs to keyboard instruments)
+** Finger-hammered dulcimers: [[harpejji]].
+* [[Keyboard]]s: piano, tangent piano (including [[fluid piano]]), organ (when equipped with percussion stops), clavichord (including the Clavinet and its derivatives).
+{{todo|inline=1|complete section|text=Add clavichord information page including microtonal derivatives of the Clavinet.}}
+== Electronic instruments ==
+* [[Software]], [[DAWs]], [[List of Microtonal Software Plugins|plugins]]
+* Synthesizers:
+** [[Lumatone]]
+** [[SoMa Terra]]
+** Others: see [[Keyboard#List of generalized keyboards]]
+* [[Novation Launchpad]]
+* [[Wikipedia:Ondes Martenot|Ondes Martenot]]
+* [[Wikipedia:Theremin|Theremin]]
+* [[Wikipedia:Trautonium|Trautonium]]
+* Web browser-based on-screen keyboards:
+** [[User:SAKryukov#Microtonal Fabric|&ldquo;Microtonal Fabric&rdquo; family]]
+** ReTuner: [https://www.facebook.com/retuner on facebook], [https://encyclotronic.com/apps/microtonal/retuner-r24 on Encyclotronic]{{dead link}}
+== Tuning-agnostic instruments ==
+These instruments can play in any microtonal scale out-of-the-box, because 12edo is not a part of their manufacture:
+*[[Daxophone]]
+* Fretless string instruments
+** Fretless bass
+** Fretless guitar
+** Oud
+** Violin, viola, cello, double bass (the string quartet is a whole tuning-agnostic ensemble)
+* Musical saw
+* String instruments with one pitch per string
+** Hammered dulcimer (when provided with on-the-fly adjustable tuning mechanism, such as fluid dulcimer or the more modern versions of [[Wikipedia:Yangqin|Yangqin]])
+* [[Wikipedia:Ondes Martenot|Ondes Martenot]]
+* [[Wikipedia:Theremin|Theremin]]
+* [[Wikipedia:Trautonium|Trautonium]]
+* Wind instruments with a slide or other continuous pitch control
+** Trombone
+** [[Fretless saxophone]]
+** [[Infinitone]]
+** [[Udderbot]]
+== See also ==
+* [[List of xenharmonic fixed pitch instruments]]
+== Further reading ==
+* Hugh Davies/Alexander Bonus, [https://archive.org/details/grovedictionaryo0003unse_w4m2/page/459/ Microtonal instruments], The Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments, Second Edition, 2014
+* [https://archive.org/details/emi_archive/ Experimental Musical Instruments] journal
+* Fletcher and Rossing, [https://csclub.uwaterloo.ca/~pbarfuss/The_Physics_of_Musical_Instruments.pdf The Physics of Musical Instruments], Springer-Verlag, 1991
+[[Category:Instruments| ]] <!-- main article -->