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Line 1: Line 1:
A '''Large comma''' is a [[comma]] whose size is approximately 100 cents and larger. As intervals, these commas are steps or even skips.
A '''large comma''' is a [[comma]] whose size is approximately 100 cents and larger. As intervals, these commas are steps or even skips.


For commas under 100 cents, see [[Medium comma]] for commas in between 30 and 100 cents or [[Small comma]] for commas under 30 cents. For commas under 3.5 cents, see [[Unnoticeable comma]].
For commas under 100 cents, see [[Medium comma]] for commas in between 30 and 100 cents or [[Small comma]] for commas under 30 cents. For commas under 3.5 cents, see [[Unnoticeable comma]].


Except for the 3-limit commas, the [[Color notation|color name]] refers to both the comma and the temperament created when it is tempered out.
Except for the 3-limit commas, the [[Color notation|color name]] refers to both the comma and the temperament created when it is [[tempered out]].
==[[3-limit commas]]==


The commas might be numerous, but there is no need to memorise all the names. For pretty much all use cases, it is perfectly acceptable – preferred, even – to just refer to a comma by the monzo or ratio, whichever is simpler.
== Disputed status ==
To varying degrees, the status of each of the commas on this page as "a comma" is disputed. Due to their large size in [[cents]], many of these commas lead to high-[[damage]] temperaments when tempered out. Which calls into question whether they can actually be used as commas.
Those which have a highly complex monzo and ratio tend to distribute their error more thinly across a wide number of [[JI]] intervals, making them more 'comma-like' than the others on this page. Some still dispute this due to their perhaps limited ability to make [[comma pump]]s. However they are more widely accepted than the ones on this page with simpler monzos and ratios.
== List of commas, by prime limit ==
===[[3-limit commas]]===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
Line 14: Line 22:
! Cents
! Cents
|-
|-
| whole tone
| [[26-comma]]
| wa 2nd
| Wa-26
| w-26
| 2541865828329 / 2199023255552
| {{monzo| -41 26 }}
| 250.83
|-
| 27-comma
| Wa-27
| w-27
| 8796093022208 / 7625597484987
| {{monzo| 43 -27 }}
| 247.21
|-
| [[9/8|Pythagorean whole tone]]
| Wa 2nd
| w2
| w2
| [[9/8|9 / 8]]
| 9 / 8
| {{monzo| -3 2 }}
| {{monzo| -3 2 }}
| 203.91
| 203.91
Line 33: Line 55:
|  
|  
| {{monzo| 100 -63 }}
| {{monzo| 100 -63 }}
| 176.835
| 176.835
|-
|-
| [[31-comma_temperaments|31-comma]]
| [[31st-octave temperaments|31-comma]]
| Wa-31
| Wa-31
| w-31
| w-31
| 617673396283947 / 562949953421312
| 617673396283947 / <br>562949953421312
| {{monzo| -49 31 }}
| {{monzo| -49 31 }}
| 160.605
| 160.605
Line 45: Line 67:
| Wa-22
| Wa-22
| w-22
| w-22
| 34359738368 / 31381059609
| 34359738368 / <br>31381059609
| {{monzo| 35 -22 }}
| {{monzo| 35 -22 }}
| 156.99
| 156.99
Line 56: Line 78:
| 137.145
| 137.145
|-
|-
| apotome
| [[2187/2048|Apotome]]
| Lawa
| Lawa
| Lw1
| Lw1
| [[2187/2048|2187 / 2048]]
| 2187 / 2048
| {{monzo| -11 7 }}
| {{monzo| -11 7 }}
| 113.685
| 113.685
Line 71: Line 93:
|}
|}


==[[5-limit commas]]==
===[[5-limit commas]]===
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
Line 81: Line 102:
! Cents
! Cents
|-
|-
| delorean
| [[Shallowtone comma]]
| Lalayobi
| LLy1
| 295245 / 262144
| {{monzo| -18 10 1 }}
| 205.864
|-
| Delorean
| Tribigu
| Tribigu
| g<sup>6</sup>3
| 6g3
| 17496 / 15625
| 17496 / 15625
| {{monzo| 3 7 -6 }}
| {{monzo| 3 7 -6 }}
| 195.803
| 195.803
|-
| <strike>meantone Integer cents comma</strike>{{clarify}}
|
|
|
| {{monzo| -1393 0 600 }}
| 188.228
|-
|-
| 31-3/5-comma
| 31-3/5-comma
| Thiwegu
| 31g7
|
|
|
|
| {{monzo| 23 31 -31 }}
| {{monzo| 23 31 -31 }}
| 184.88
| 184.88
|-
|-
| minor whole tone, yo 2nd
| [[10/9|Minor whole tone]], yo 2nd
| Yo
| Yo
| y2
| y2
| [[10/9|10 / 9]]
| 10 / 9
| {{monzo| 1 -2 1 }}
| {{monzo| 1 -2 1 }}
| 182.404
| 182.404
|-
|-
| 5-cycle major second, hexadecathird comma
| 5-cycle major second, hexadecathird comma
|
| Lala-quadquadyo
|
| LL16y-4
| 152587890625 / 137438953472
| 152587890625 / <br>137438953472
| {{monzo| -37 0 16 }}
| {{monzo| -37 0 16 }}
| 181.019
| 181.019
|-
|-
| enipucrop
| [[Nadir comma]]
| Lalatrigu
| LL3g1
| 1162261467 / 1048576000
| {{monzo| -23 19 -3 }}
| 178.204
|-
|
| Legu
| 11g4
| [[53747712 / 48828125]]
| {{monzo| 13 8 -11 }}
| 166.189
|-
| Enipucrop
| Latriyobi
| Latriyobi
| Ly<sup>3</sup>1
| L3y1
| 1125 / 1024
| 1125 / 1024
| {{monzo| -10 2 3 }}
| {{monzo| -10 2 3 }}
| 162.851
| 162.851
|-
|-
| supersharp
| [[800/729|Supersharp]]
| Sayoyo
| Sayoyo
| syy2
| syy2
Line 130: Line 165:
| 160.897
| 160.897
|-
|-
| gorgo, laconic
| [[Nether comma]]
| Lala-gugu
| LLgg1
| 14348907 / 13107200
| {{monzo| -19 15 -2 }}
| 156.698
|-
| [[Rarity comma]]
| Quadla-theyo
| 4L13y-5
|
| {{monzo| -57 17 13 }}
| 155.313
|-
| Gorgo, laconic
| Latrigubi
| Latrigubi
| Lg<sup>3</sup>2
| L3g2
| 2187 / 2000
| 2187 / 2000
| {{monzo| -4 7 -3 }}
| {{monzo| -4 7 -3 }}
| 154.744
| 154.744
|-
|-
| smate, symbolic
| [[2048/1875|Smate]], symbolic comma
| Saquadgu
| Saquadgu
| sg<sup>4</sup>3
| s4g3
| 2048 / 1875
| 2048 / 1875
| {{monzo| 11 -1 -4 }}
| {{monzo| 11 -1 -4 }}
| 152.790
| 152.790
|-
|-
| acute limma
| Acute limma
|
| Trila-neyobi
|
| 3L19y-5
| 19073486328125 / 17592186044416
| 19073486328125 / <br>17592186044416
| {{monzo| -44 0 19 }}
| {{monzo| -44 0 19 }}
| 139.961
| 139.961
|-
|-
| 31-15-comma
| 31-15-comma
|
| Tritrila-thiweyo
|
| 9L31y-11
|  
|  
| {{monzo| -121 31 31 }}
| {{monzo| -121 31 31 }}
| 136.33
| 136.33
|-
|-
| large limma
| [[177147/163840|Deeptone comma]], Tragicomma
| Lagu
| Lg1
| 177147 / 163840
| {{monzo| -15 11 -1 }}
| 135.191
|-
| [[27/25|Large limma]]
| Gugu
| Gugu
| gg2
| gg2
| [[27/25|27 / 25]]
| 27 / 25
| {{monzo| 0 3 -2 }}
| {{monzo| 0 3 -2 }}
| 133.238
| 133.238
Line 167: Line 223:
| 11-3/5-comma
| 11-3/5-comma
| Leyo
| Leyo
|y<sup>11</sup>-2
| 11y-2
| 48828125 / 45349632
| 48828125 / 45349632
| {{monzo| -8 -11 11 }}
| {{monzo| -8 -11 11 }}
Line 173: Line 229:
|-
|-
| 27-3/5-comma
| 27-3/5-comma
|
| Tritritrigu
|
| 27g6
|  
|  
| {{monzo| 20 27 -27 }}
| {{monzo| 20 27 -27 }}
| 122.315
| 122.315
|-
|-
| lemba
| Lemba
| Latribiyo
| Latribiyo
| Ly<sup>6</sup>-2
| L6y-2
| 140625 / 131072
| 140625 / 131072
| {{monzo| -17 2 6 }}
| {{monzo| -17 2 6 }}
Line 193: Line 249:
| 120.622
| 120.622
|-
|-
| sixix
| [[3125/2916|Sixix comma]]
| Quinyo
| Quinyo
| y<sup>5</sup>1
| 5y1
| 3125 / 2916
| 3125 / 2916
| {{monzo| -2 -6 5 }}
| {{monzo| -2 -6 5 }}
| 119.839
| 119.839
|-
|-
| diesma
| Diesma
| Lathegu
| Lathegu
| Lg<sup>13</sup>3
| L13g3
| 10460353203 / 9765625000
| 10460353203 / <br>9765625000
| {{monzo| -3 21 -13 }}
| {{monzo| -3 21 -13 }}
| 118.977
| 118.977
|-
|-
| comic
| Comic comma
| Saquadyobi
| Saquadyobi
| sy<sup>4</sup>2
| s4y2
| 5120000 / 4782969
| 5120000 / 4782969
| {{monzo| 13 -14 4 }}
| {{monzo| 13 -14 4 }}
| 117.885
| 117.885
|-
|-
| just diatonic semitone
| [[16/15|Just diatonic semitone]]
| Gubi
| Gubi
| g2
| g2
| [[16/15|16 / 15]]
| 16 / 15
| {{monzo| 4 -1 -1 }}
| {{monzo| 4 -1 -1 }}
| 111.731
| 111.731
|-
|-
| beatles
| Beatles
| Sasa-gugu
| Sasa-gugu
| ssgg3
| ssgg3
Line 235: Line 291:
| 107.614
| 107.614
|-
|-
| wronecki
| Wronecki
| Latribigu
| Latribigu
| Lg<sup>6</sup>2
| L6g2
| 531441 / 500000
| 531441 / 500000
| {{monzo| -5 12 -6 }}
| {{monzo| -5 12 -6 }}
| 105.578
| 105.578
|-
|-
| wesley
| [[Wesley comma]]
| Lasepyobi
| Lasepyobi
| Ly<sup>7</sup>-2
| L7y-2
| 78125 / 73728
| 78125 / 73728
| {{monzo| -13 -2 7 }}
| {{monzo| -13 -2 7 }}
Line 250: Line 306:
|}
|}


==[[7-limit commas]]==
=== 7-limit commas ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Name(s)
! Name(s)
! colspan="2" |[[Color notation|Color Name]]
! colspan="2" |[[Color notation|Color Name]]
!Ratio
! Ratio
! Monzo
! Monzo
! Cents
! Cents
|-
|-
| augmented whole-tone, ru 2nd
| [[Antidilemma]]
| Sasa-theruquad
| ss13r-2
| 137438953472 / 96889010407
| {{monzo| 37 0 0 -13 }}
| 605.263
|-
| [[Dilemma]]
| Lala-thezoquad
| LL13z9
| 96889010407 / 68719476736
| {{monzo| -36 0 0 13 }}
| 594.737
|-
| [[8/7|Septimal major second]], supermajor second,
augmented whole-tone, ru 2nd
| Rubi
| Rubi
| r2
| r2
| 8/7
| 8 / 7
| {{monzo| 3 0 0 -1 }}
| {{monzo| 3 0 0 -1 }}
| 231.174
| 231.174
|-
|-
| hexatone comma, 6-7-comma
| Hexatone comma, 6-7-comma
| Satribiru
| Satribiru
| sr<sup>6</sup>-2
| s6r-2
|
| 131072 / 117649
| {{monzo| 17 0 0 -6 }}
| {{monzo| 17 0 0 -6 }}
| 187.045
| 187.045
|-
|-
| 45-7/5-comma
| 45-7/5-comma
|
| Quintritriruyo
|
| 45ry-27
|
|
| {{monzo| 22 0 45 -45 }}
| {{monzo| 22 0 45 -45 }}
Line 282: Line 352:
|-
|-
| 63-35-comma
| 63-35-comma
|
| Tritribila-septritrizoyo
|
| 18L63zy8
|
|
| {{monzo| -323 0 63 63 }}
| {{monzo| -323 0 63 63 }}
Line 290: Line 360:
| 8-21-comma
| 8-21-comma
| Lala-quadbizo
| Lala-quadbizo
| LLz<sup>8</sup>4
| LL8z4
|
| 37822859361 / <br>34359738368
| {{monzo| -35 8 0 8 }}
| {{monzo| -35 8 0 8 }}
| 166.247
| 166.247
|-
|-
| 46-7-comma
| 46-7-comma
|
| Sepla-twethebizobi
|
| 7L46z18
|
|
| {{monzo| -129 0 0 46 }}
| {{monzo| -129 0 0 46 }}
Line 303: Line 373:
|-
|-
| 25-7/5-comma
| 25-7/5-comma
|
| Quinquinzogu
|
| 25zg17
|
|
| {{monzo| -12 0 -25 25 }}
| {{monzo| -12 0 -25 25 }}
Line 310: Line 380:
|-
|-
| 43-21-comma
| 43-21-comma
|
| Quadtrisa-fotherubi
|
| 12s43r-11
|
|
| {{monzo| 189 -43 0 -43 }}
| {{monzo| 189 -43 0 -43 }}
| 156.421
| 156.421
|-
| [[35/32|Septimal neutral second]], 35th harmonic
| Zoyo
| zy2
| 35 / 32
| {{monzo| -5 0 1 1 }}
| 155.140
|-
|-
| 43-7/5-comma
| 43-7/5-comma
|
| Fotheruyo
|
| 43ry-26
|
|
| {{monzo| 21 0 43 -43 }}
| {{monzo| 21 0 43 -43 }}
| 151.976
| 151.976
|-
|-
| hendecatone comma, 11-7-comma
| [[49/45|Swetismic neutral second]]
| Zozogu
| zzg3
| 49 / 45
| {{monzo| 0 -2 -1 2 }}
| 147.428
|-
| [[160/147]]
| Ruruyobi
| rry1
| 160 / 147
| {{monzo| 5 -1 1 -2 }}
| 146.707
|-
| Hendecatone comma, 11-7-comma
| Sasa-leru
| Sasa-leru
| ssr<sup>11</sup>-4
| ss11r-4
|
| 2147483648 / 1977326743
| {{monzo| 31 0 0 -11 }}
| {{monzo| 31 0 0 -11 }}
| 142.915
| 142.915
|-
| [[243/224|Septimal subtone]]
| Larubi
| Lr1
| 243 / 224
| {{monzo| -5 5 0 -1 }}
| 140.949
|-
|-
| 55-35-comma
| 55-35-comma
|
| Quadquadla-lequinzoyobi
|
| 16L55zy7
|
|
| {{monzo| -282 0 55 55 }}
| {{monzo| -282 0 55 55 }}
Line 338: Line 436:
|-
|-
| 27-7/5-comma
| 27-7/5-comma
|
| Tritritrizogu
|
| 27zg18
|
|
| {{monzo| -13 0 -27 27 }}
| {{monzo| -13 0 -27 27 }}
Line 345: Line 443:
|-
|-
| 41-7-comma
| 41-7-comma
|
| Tribila-fowezo
|
| 6L41z16
|
|
| {{monzo| -115 0 0 41 }}
| {{monzo| -115 0 0 41 }}
Line 353: Line 451:
| 13-21-comma
| 13-21-comma
| Quadla-thezobi
| Quadla-thezobi
| L<sup>4</sup>z<sup>13</sup>5
| 4L13z5
|
|
| {{monzo| -57 13 0 13 }}
| {{monzo| -57 13 0 13 }}
| 120.152
| 120.152
|-
|-
| major diatonic semitone
| [[15/14|Major diatonic semitone]]
| Ruyo
| Ruyo
| ry1
| ry1
| [[15/14|15 / 14]]
| 15 / 14
| {{monzo| -1 1 1 -1 }}
| {{monzo| -1 1 1 -1 }}
| 119.443
| 119.443
|-
| [[Primate comma]]
| Saru
| sr2
| 16384 / 15309
| {{monzo| 14 -7 0 -1 }}
| 117.489
|-
|-
| 41-7/5-comma
| 41-7/5-comma
|
| Foweruyo
|
| 41ry-25
|
|
| {{monzo| 20 0 41 -41 }}
| {{monzo| 20 0 41 -41 }}
Line 374: Line 479:
| 7-35-comma
| 7-35-comma
| Sasa-seprugu
| Sasa-seprugu
| ssr<sup>7</sup>g<sup>7</sup>1
| ss7rg1
|
| 68719476736 / <br>64339296875
| {{monzo| 36 0 -7 -7 }}
| {{monzo| 36 0 -7 -7 }}
| 114.023
| 114.023
|-
|-
| 38-21-comma
| 38-21-comma
|
| Lesa-nebiru
|
| 11s38r-10
|
|
| {{monzo| 167 -38 0 -38 }}
| {{monzo| 167 -38 0 -38 }}
| 110.326
| 110.326
|-
| [[729/686|Triru comma]]
| Triru
| 3r-2
| 729 / 686
| {{monzo| -1 6 0 -3 }}
| 105.252
|}
|}


==[[11-limit commas]]==
=== 11-limit commas ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Name(s)
! Name(s)
! colspan="2" |[[Color notation|Color Name]]
! colspan="2" |[[Color notation|Color Name]]
!Ratio
! Ratio
! Monzo
! Monzo
! Cents
! Cents
|-
|-
| 11-cycle major second prote, 33-11-comma
| 11-cycle major second prote, 33-11-comma
|
| Quinla-letrilobi
|
| 5L33(1o)-7
|
|
| {{monzo| -114 0 0 0 33 }}
| {{monzo| -114 0 0 0 33 }}
Line 413: Line 524:
| 11-enipucrop, 9-11-comma
| 11-enipucrop, 9-11-comma
| Latritrilo
| Latritrilo
| L1o<sup>9</sup>-2
| L9(1o)-2
| 2357947691 / 2147483648
| 2357947691 / 2147483648
| {{monzo| -31 0 0 0 9 }}
| {{monzo| -31 0 0 0 9 }}
Line 425: Line 536:
| 150.637
| 150.637
|-
|-
| secor
| [[Secor|Undecimal secor]]
| Lozo
| Lozo
| 1oz2
| 1oz2
Line 433: Line 544:
|}
|}


==[[13-limit commas]]==
=== 13-limit commas ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
Line 444: Line 554:
|-
|-
| 13-cycle neutral second
| 13-cycle neutral second
|
| Quadbila-fithethobi
|
| 8L53(3o)7
|
|
| {{monzo| -196 0 0 0 0 53 }}
| {{monzo| -196 0 0 0 0 53 }}
| 147.966
| 147.966
|-
|-
| large tridecimal 2/3-tone, tridecimal neutral second
| Large tridecimal 2/3-tone, tridecimal neutral second
| Tho
| Tho
| 3o2
| 3o2
Line 457: Line 567:
| 138.573
| 138.573
|-
|-
| 2/3-tone, tridecimal limma, trienthird
| Small tridecimal 2/3-tone, tridecimal limma, trienthird
| Thuzo
| Thuzo
| 3uz2
| 3uz2
Line 464: Line 574:
| 128.298
| 128.298
|-
|-
| heptasixth comma, 13-cycle secor
| Heptasixth comma, 13-cycle secor
| Sasepthu
| Sasepthu
| s3u<sup>7</sup>1
| s7(3u)1
| 67108864 / 62748517
| 67108864 / 62748517
| {{monzo| 26 0 0 0 0 -7 }}
| {{monzo| 26 0 0 0 0 -7 }}
| 116.306
| 116.306
|-
|-
| heptadecasixth comma, neutral thirteenth comma
| Heptadecasixth comma, neutral thirteenth comma
| Sasa-sethubi
| Sasa-sethubi
| ss3u<sup>7</sup>-2
| ss17(3u)-2
|
|
| {{monzo| 63 0 0 0 0 -17 }}
| {{monzo| 63 0 0 0 0 -17 }}
Line 479: Line 589:
|}
|}


==[[17-limit commas]]==
=== 17-limit commas ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Name(s)
! Name(s)
! colspan="2" |[[Color notation|Color Name]]
! colspan="2" |[[Color notation|Color Name]]
!Ratio
! Ratio
! Monzo
! Monzo
! Cents
! Cents
Line 492: Line 601:
| Sogubi
| Sogubi
| 17og3
| 17og3
| 17/15
| [[17/15|17 / 15]]
| {{monzo| 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 1 }}
| {{monzo| 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 1 }}
| 216.687
| 216.687
Line 499: Line 608:
| Iso
| Iso
| 17o2
| 17o2
| 17/16
| [[17/16|17 / 16]]
| {{monzo| -4 0 0 0 0 0 1 }}
| {{monzo| -4 0 0 0 0 0 1 }}
| 104.955
| 104.955
|}
|}


==[[19-limit commas]]==
=== 19-limit commas ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Name(s)
! Name(s)
! colspan="2" |[[Color notation|Color Name]]
! colspan="2" |[[Color notation|Color Name]]
!Ratio
! Ratio
! Monzo
! Monzo
! Cents
! Cents
|-
|-
| 19-cycle meantone prima
| 19-cycle meantone prima
|
| Tribila-foweno
|
| 6L41(19o)13
|
|
| {{monzo| -174 0 0 0 0 0 0 41 }}
| {{monzo| -174 0 0 0 0 0 0 41 }}
| 198.034
| 198.034
|-
|-
| 19-limit rational meantone
| Undevicesimal rational meantone
| Nosu
| Nosu
| 19o17u
| 19o17u2
| 19/17
| [[19/17|19 / 17]]
| {{monzo| 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 1 }}
| {{monzo| 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 1 }}
| 192.558
| 192.558
|-
|-
| 19-cycle meantone secunda
| 19-cycle meantone secunda
|
| Tribila-quintritrino
|
| 6L45(19o)14
|
|
| {{monzo| -191 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 }}
| {{monzo| -191 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 }}
Line 536: Line 644:
|-
|-
| 19-cycle minor tone
| 19-cycle minor tone
|
| Sepla-sepsepno
|
| 7L49(19o)15
|
|
| {{monzo| -208 0 0 0 0 0 0 49 }}
| {{monzo| -208 0 0 0 0 0 0 49 }}
| 178.138
| 178.138
|-
|-
| 19-limit rational submajor second
| Undevicesimal rational submajor second
| Nuzo
| Nuzo
| 19uzo
| 19uz2
| 21/19
| [[21/19|21 / 19]]
| {{monzo| 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 -1 }}
| {{monzo| 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 -1 }}
| 173.268
| 173.268
|-
|-
| 19-cycle submajor second
| 19-cycle submajor second
|
| Quadbila-fithenobi
|
| 8L53(19o)16
|
|
| {{monzo| -225 0 0 0 0 0 0 53 }}
| {{monzo| -225 0 0 0 0 0 0 53 }}
| 168.190
| 168.190
|-
| [[81/76|Dog comma]]
| Inu
| 19u1
| 81 / 76
| {{monzo| -2 4 0 0 0 0 0 -1 }}
| 110.307
|}
=== 23-limit commas ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name(s)
! colspan="2" |[[Color notation|Color Name]]
! Ratio
! Monzo
! Cents
|-
| Large vicesimotertial neutral second
| Twethoru
| 23or2
| [[23/21|23 / 21]]
| 3.7.23 {{monzo| -1 -1 1 }}
| 157.493
|-
| Small vicesimotertial neutral second
| Twethuyoyo
| 23uyy1
| [[25/23|25 / 23]]
| 5.23 {{monzo| 2 -1 }}
| 144.353
|-
| 69th harmonic
| Twetho
| 23o2
| [[69/64|69 / 64]]
| 2.3.23 {{monzo| -6 1 1 }}
| 130.229
|}
=== Higher-limit commas ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name(s)
! colspan="2" |[[Color notation|Color Name]]
! Ratio
! Monzo
! Cents
|-
| 29th subharmonic
| Twenu
| 29u2
| [[32/29|32 / 29]]
| 2.29 {{monzo| 5 -1 }}
| 170.423
|-
| [[47/44]]
| Fosolu
| 47o1u2
| 47 / 44
| 2.11.47 {{monzo| -2 -1 1 }}
| 114.189
|}
|}


[[Category:Large commas| ]] <!-- main article -->
[[Category:Large commas| ]] <!-- main article -->
[[Category:Lists of commas]]
[[Category:Lists of commas]]
{{todo|complete table|add color name}}

Latest revision as of 00:15, 4 May 2025

A large comma is a comma whose size is approximately 100 cents and larger. As intervals, these commas are steps or even skips.

For commas under 100 cents, see Medium comma for commas in between 30 and 100 cents or Small comma for commas under 30 cents. For commas under 3.5 cents, see Unnoticeable comma.

Except for the 3-limit commas, the color name refers to both the comma and the temperament created when it is tempered out.

The commas might be numerous, but there is no need to memorise all the names. For pretty much all use cases, it is perfectly acceptable – preferred, even – to just refer to a comma by the monzo or ratio, whichever is simpler.

Disputed status

To varying degrees, the status of each of the commas on this page as "a comma" is disputed. Due to their large size in cents, many of these commas lead to high-damage temperaments when tempered out. Which calls into question whether they can actually be used as commas.

Those which have a highly complex monzo and ratio tend to distribute their error more thinly across a wide number of JI intervals, making them more 'comma-like' than the others on this page. Some still dispute this due to their perhaps limited ability to make comma pumps. However they are more widely accepted than the ones on this page with simpler monzos and ratios.

List of commas, by prime limit

3-limit commas

Name(s) Color Name Ratio Monzo Cents
26-comma Wa-26 w-26 2541865828329 / 2199023255552 [-41 26⟩ 250.83
27-comma Wa-27 w-27 8796093022208 / 7625597484987 [43 -27⟩ 247.21
Pythagorean whole tone Wa 2nd w2 9 / 8 [-3 2⟩ 203.91
43-comma Wa-43 w-43 [-68 43⟩ 184.065
63-comma Wa-63 w-63 [100 -63⟩ 176.835
31-comma Wa-31 w-31 617673396283947 /
562949953421312 		[-49 31⟩ 160.605
22-comma Wa-22 w-22 34359738368 /
31381059609 		[35 -22⟩ 156.99
19-comma Wa-19 w-19 1162261467 / 1073741824 [-30 19⟩ 137.145
Apotome Lawa Lw1 2187 / 2048 [-11 7⟩ 113.685
46-comma Wa-46 w-46 [73 -46⟩ 110.07

5-limit commas

Name(s) Color Name Ratio Monzo Cents
Shallowtone comma Lalayobi LLy1 295245 / 262144 [-18 10 1⟩ 205.864
Delorean Tribigu 6g3 17496 / 15625 [3 7 -6⟩ 195.803
31-3/5-comma Thiwegu 31g7 [23 31 -31⟩ 184.88
Minor whole tone, yo 2nd Yo y2 10 / 9 [1 -2 1⟩ 182.404
5-cycle major second, hexadecathird comma Lala-quadquadyo LL16y-4 152587890625 /
137438953472 		[-37 0 16⟩ 181.019
Nadir comma Lalatrigu LL3g1 1162261467 / 1048576000 [-23 19 -3⟩ 178.204
Legu 11g4 53747712 / 48828125 [13 8 -11⟩ 166.189
Enipucrop Latriyobi L3y1 1125 / 1024 [-10 2 3⟩ 162.851
Supersharp Sayoyo syy2 800 / 729 [5 -6 2⟩ 160.897
Nether comma Lala-gugu LLgg1 14348907 / 13107200 [-19 15 -2⟩ 156.698
Rarity comma Quadla-theyo 4L13y-5 [-57 17 13⟩ 155.313
Gorgo, laconic Latrigubi L3g2 2187 / 2000 [-4 7 -3⟩ 154.744
Smate, symbolic comma Saquadgu s4g3 2048 / 1875 [11 -1 -4⟩ 152.790
Acute limma Trila-neyobi 3L19y-5 19073486328125 /
17592186044416 		[-44 0 19⟩ 139.961
31-15-comma Tritrila-thiweyo 9L31y-11 [-121 31 31⟩ 136.33
Deeptone comma, Tragicomma Lagu Lg1 177147 / 163840 [-15 11 -1⟩ 135.191
Large limma Gugu gg2 27 / 25 [0 3 -2⟩ 133.238
11-3/5-comma Leyo 11y-2 48828125 / 45349632 [-8 -11 11⟩ 127.946
27-3/5-comma Tritritrigu 27g6 [20 27 -27⟩ 122.315
Lemba Latribiyo L6y-2 140625 / 131072 [-17 2 6⟩ 121.792
87-15-comma [340 -87 -87⟩ 120.622
Sixix comma Quinyo 5y1 3125 / 2916 [-2 -6 5⟩ 119.839
Diesma Lathegu L13g3 10460353203 /
9765625000 		[-3 21 -13⟩ 118.977
Comic comma Saquadyobi s4y2 5120000 / 4782969 [13 -14 4⟩ 117.885
Just diatonic semitone Gubi g2 16 / 15 [4 -1 -1⟩ 111.731
Beatles Sasa-gugu ssgg3 524288 / 492075 [19 -9 -2⟩ 109.778
300-3/5-comma [-221 -300 300⟩ 107.614
Wronecki Latribigu L6g2 531441 / 500000 [-5 12 -6⟩ 105.578
Wesley comma Lasepyobi L7y-2 78125 / 73728 [-13 -2 7⟩ 100.286

7-limit commas

Name(s) Color Name Ratio Monzo Cents
Antidilemma Sasa-theruquad ss13r-2 137438953472 / 96889010407 [37 0 0 -13⟩ 605.263
Dilemma Lala-thezoquad LL13z9 96889010407 / 68719476736 [-36 0 0 13⟩ 594.737
Septimal major second, supermajor second,

augmented whole-tone, ru 2nd

Rubi r2 8 / 7 [3 0 0 -1⟩ 231.174
Hexatone comma, 6-7-comma Satribiru s6r-2 131072 / 117649 [17 0 0 -6⟩ 187.045
45-7/5-comma Quintritriruyo 45ry-27 [22 0 45 -45⟩ 186.951
63-35-comma Tritribila-septritrizoyo 18L63zy8 [-323 0 63 63⟩ 173.796
8-21-comma Lala-quadbizo LL8z4 37822859361 /
34359738368 		[-35 8 0 8⟩ 166.247
46-7-comma Sepla-twethebizobi 7L46z18 [-129 0 0 46⟩ 165.992
25-7/5-comma Quinquinzogu 25zg17 [-12 0 -25 25⟩ 162.805
43-21-comma Quadtrisa-fotherubi 12s43r-11 [189 -43 0 -43⟩ 156.421
Septimal neutral second, 35th harmonic Zoyo zy2 35 / 32 [-5 0 1 1⟩ 155.140
43-7/5-comma Fotheruyo 43ry-26 [21 0 43 -43⟩ 151.976
Swetismic neutral second Zozogu zzg3 49 / 45 [0 -2 -1 2⟩ 147.428
160/147 Ruruyobi rry1 160 / 147 [5 -1 1 -2⟩ 146.707
Hendecatone comma, 11-7-comma Sasa-leru ss11r-4 2147483648 / 1977326743 [31 0 0 -11⟩ 142.915
Septimal subtone Larubi Lr1 243 / 224 [-5 5 0 -1⟩ 140.949
55-35-comma Quadquadla-lequinzoyobi 16L55zy7 [-282 0 55 55⟩ 132.679
27-7/5-comma Tritritrizogu 27zg18 [-13 0 -27 27⟩ 127.829
41-7-comma Tribila-fowezo 6L41z16 [-115 0 0 41⟩ 121.862
13-21-comma Quadla-thezobi 4L13z5 [-57 13 0 13⟩ 120.152
Major diatonic semitone Ruyo ry1 15 / 14 [-1 1 1 -1⟩ 119.443
Primate comma Saru sr2 16384 / 15309 [14 -7 0 -1⟩ 117.489
41-7/5-comma Foweruyo 41ry-25 [20 0 41 -41⟩ 117
7-35-comma Sasa-seprugu ss7rg1 68719476736 /
64339296875 		[36 0 -7 -7⟩ 114.023
38-21-comma Lesa-nebiru 11s38r-10 [167 -38 0 -38⟩ 110.326
Triru comma Triru 3r-2 729 / 686 [-1 6 0 -3⟩ 105.252

11-limit commas

Name(s) Color Name Ratio Monzo Cents
11-cycle major second prote, 33-11-comma Quinla-letrilobi 5L33(1o)-7 [-114 0 0 0 33⟩ 193.492
4/5-tone, Ptolemy's second Logu 1og2 11 / 10 [-1 0 -1 0 1⟩ 165.004
11-enipucrop, 9-11-comma Latritrilo L9(1o)-2 2357947691 / 2147483648 [-31 0 0 0 9⟩ 161.862
3/4-tone, undecimal neutral second Lu 1u2 12 / 11 [2 1 0 0 -1⟩ 150.637
Undecimal secor Lozo 1oz2 77 / 72 [-3 -2 0 1 1⟩ 116.234

13-limit commas

Name(s) Color Name Ratio Monzo Cents
13-cycle neutral second Quadbila-fithethobi 8L53(3o)7 [-196 0 0 0 0 53⟩ 147.966
Large tridecimal 2/3-tone, tridecimal neutral second Tho 3o2 13 / 12 [-2 -1 0 0 0 1⟩ 138.573
Small tridecimal 2/3-tone, tridecimal limma, trienthird Thuzo 3uz2 14 / 13 [1 0 0 1 0 -1⟩ 128.298
Heptasixth comma, 13-cycle secor Sasepthu s7(3u)1 67108864 / 62748517 [26 0 0 0 0 -7⟩ 116.306
Heptadecasixth comma, neutral thirteenth comma Sasa-sethubi ss17(3u)-2 [63 0 0 0 0 -17⟩ 111.030

17-limit commas

Name(s) Color Name Ratio Monzo Cents
17-limit rational eventone Sogubi 17og3 17 / 15 [0 -1 -1 0 0 0 1⟩ 216.687
17th harmonic Iso 17o2 17 / 16 [-4 0 0 0 0 0 1⟩ 104.955

19-limit commas

Name(s) Color Name Ratio Monzo Cents
19-cycle meantone prima Tribila-foweno 6L41(19o)13 [-174 0 0 0 0 0 0 41⟩ 198.034
Undevicesimal rational meantone Nosu 19o17u2 19 / 17 [0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 1⟩ 192.558
19-cycle meantone secunda Tribila-quintritrino 6L45(19o)14 [-191 0 0 0 0 0 0 45⟩ 188.086
19-cycle minor tone Sepla-sepsepno 7L49(19o)15 [-208 0 0 0 0 0 0 49⟩ 178.138
Undevicesimal rational submajor second Nuzo 19uz2 21 / 19 [0 1 0 1 0 0 0 -1⟩ 173.268
19-cycle submajor second Quadbila-fithenobi 8L53(19o)16 [-225 0 0 0 0 0 0 53⟩ 168.190
Dog comma Inu 19u1 81 / 76 [-2 4 0 0 0 0 0 -1⟩ 110.307

23-limit commas

Name(s) Color Name Ratio Monzo Cents
Large vicesimotertial neutral second Twethoru 23or2 23 / 21 3.7.23 [-1 -1 1⟩ 157.493
Small vicesimotertial neutral second Twethuyoyo 23uyy1 25 / 23 5.23 [2 -1⟩ 144.353
69th harmonic Twetho 23o2 69 / 64 2.3.23 [-6 1 1⟩ 130.229

Higher-limit commas

Name(s) Color Name Ratio Monzo Cents
29th subharmonic Twenu 29u2 32 / 29 2.29 [5 -1⟩ 170.423
47/44 Fosolu 47o1u2 47 / 44 2.11.47 [-2 -1 1⟩ 114.189
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