Instruments: Difference between revisions

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<h2>IMPORTED REVISION FROM WIKISPACES</h2>
{{Catrel|Instruments}}
This is an imported revision from Wikispaces. The revision metadata is included below for reference:<br>
: This revision was by author [[User:hstraub|hstraub]] and made on <tt>2012-09-14 03:41:14 UTC</tt>.<br>
: The original revision id was <tt>364696328</tt>.<br>
: The revision comment was: <tt></tt><br>
The revision contents are below, presented both in the original Wikispaces Wikitext format, and in HTML exactly as Wikispaces rendered it.<br>
<h4>Original Wikitext content:</h4>
<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html">Information on how to get musical instruments to play music in a variety of tunings


* [[string instruments|Strings]]
Many kinds of musical instruments can be used to play [[microtonal music]], ranging from non-microtonal instruments (i.e. designed to be played in [[12edo]]) to custom-designed xenharmonic instruments.
** fretted: [[microguitar|guitars]], banjo, mandolin, [[Fun With Microtones|ukulele]], balalaika, viol, sitar, etc.
 
** (unfretted) [[MicrotonalBowedStrings|violin etc.]], oud, [[qanun]], harps, zithers, hammer dulcimers, dan bau
Fixed pitch instruments make it easier for musicians to play notes accurately and reliably, although they give access to a limited set of pitches. Many non-microtonal instruments can be played microtonally without any modification to the instrument by using extended techniques, such as microtonal fingerings on woodwinds. Non-microtonal instruments can also be modified, either temporarily or permanently; this includes notably nonstandard (open) tunings on string instruments and [[Guitar#Refretting|guitar refretting]]. Finally, new instruments can be created from scratch; many such custom-designed instruments can be found in the [[list of xenharmonic fixed pitch instruments]].
** [[autoharp]]
 
** [[moodswinger]]
Continuous pitch instruments give access to a wider range of pitches, but often require more skill to be played accurately and reliably. The human voice falls in this category, along with other standard instruments such as [[bowed strings]] and [[trombone]]s. Some extended techniques allow for continuous pitch adjustments, even on fixed pitch instruments, such as [[Wikipedia:String bending|string bending]] on guitars and lip bending on wind instruments like [[trumpet]]s and saxophones. Several custom instruments also fall in this category, including the [[udderbot]] and the [[Infinitone]].
** [[@http://chrisvaisvil.com/?p=789|Home Made Canon]]
 
* [[microtonal brass|Brass]]: [[microtonal trumpet|Trumpet]], [[microtonal horn|Horn]], [[microtrombone|Trombone]] (duh!), [[microtonal tuba|Tuba]], digeridoo, alphorn
The following is a non-exhaustive list of instruments which can be used to play xenharmonic music. You can find additional information by following the links to each instrument's dedicated page.
* [[microtonal woodwinds|Woodwinds]]
 
&gt; [[include component="page" wikiName="xenharmonic" page="microtonal woodwinds" ]]
== String instruments ==
* [[Percussion]]
=== Plucked strings ===
** [[mallet percussion|mallet keyboards]]: vibraphone, xylophone, [[marimba]], glockenspiel, crotales, lithophone, etc.
* Fretted:
** tuned drums: timpani, rototoms, pat waing
**[[Guitar]]
** bells: [[carillon]], [[Conic Bellophone in 96edo|conic bellophone]], [[tubulong]], amglocken, handbells, [[zoomoozophone]], [[http://www.ekmelic-music.org/en/instr/kk.htm|sound tower/sound cube]]
** [[Electric bass]]
** lamellophones: [[kalimba (mbira)]], marimbula
**[[Pedal steel guitar]]
** various? musical saw, wine glasses, [[nail violin]]
**[[Fun With Microtones|Ukulele]]
* [[Microtonal Keyboards|Keyboards]]: &lt;span class="wiki_link_new"&gt;Piano&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class="wiki_link_new"&gt;Harpsichord&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class="wiki_link_new"&gt;Organ&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class="wiki_link_new"&gt;Clavichord, but also Synthesizers&lt;/span&gt;
** Others: banjo, bouzuki, mandolin, balalaika, sitar, [[Wikipedia:Moodswinger|moodswinger]], etc.
* [[Free Reeds]]: [[Harmonica]], Reed Organs, Accordion, Melodica, Khaen, etc.
* Fretless:
* Do-It-Yourself / Junkmusic: [[udderbot]], [[tubulong]], [[http://launch.groups.yahoo.com/group/oddmusic/message/17051|balloon flute]], [[http://daxo.de|daxophone]]
**[[Autoharp]]
* [[Software]]</pre></div>
** [[Electric bass|Fretless bass]]
<h4>Original HTML content:</h4>
** [[Qanun]]
<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;width:200%;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html">&lt;html&gt;&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;MicrotonalInstruments&lt;/title&gt;&lt;/head&gt;&lt;body&gt;Information on how to get musical instruments to play music in a variety of tunings&lt;br /&gt;
** Others: oud, harp, zither (including kantele), hammer dulcimer, [[Wikipedia:Đàn bầu|đàn bầu]], etc.
&lt;br /&gt;
* Keyboard plucked strings
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/string%20instruments"&gt;Strings&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;fretted: &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/microguitar"&gt;guitars&lt;/a&gt;, banjo, mandolin, &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/Fun%20With%20Microtones"&gt;ukulele&lt;/a&gt;, balalaika, viol, sitar, etc.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;(unfretted) &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/MicrotonalBowedStrings"&gt;violin etc.&lt;/a&gt;, oud, &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/qanun"&gt;qanun&lt;/a&gt;, harps, zithers, hammer dulcimers, dan bau&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/autoharp"&gt;autoharp&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/moodswinger"&gt;moodswinger&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://chrisvaisvil.com/?p=789" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;Home Made Canon&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/microtonal%20brass"&gt;Brass&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/microtonal%20trumpet"&gt;Trumpet&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/microtonal%20horn"&gt;Horn&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/microtrombone"&gt;Trombone&lt;/a&gt; (duh!), &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/microtonal%20tuba"&gt;Tuba&lt;/a&gt;, digeridoo, alphorn&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/microtonal%20woodwinds"&gt;Woodwinds&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
** Harpsichord
&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextIncludeRule:00:&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://www.wikispaces.com/site/embedthumbnail/include/page?w=200&amp;amp;h=100&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;WikiMedia WikiMediaInclude&amp;quot; id=&amp;quot;wikitext@@include@@component=&amp;amp;quot;page&amp;amp;quot; wikiName=&amp;amp;quot;xenharmonic&amp;amp;quot; page=&amp;amp;quot;microtonal woodwinds&amp;amp;quot;&amp;quot; title=&amp;quot;Include page: component=&amp;amp;quot;page&amp;amp;quot; wikiName=&amp;amp;quot;xenharmonic&amp;amp;quot; page=&amp;amp;quot;microtonal woodwinds&amp;amp;quot;&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; --&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Reedless Instruments: &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/Flutes"&gt;Flutes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/microrecorder"&gt;Recorders&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/Whistles"&gt;Whistles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Reed Instruments: &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/Bassoons"&gt;Bassoons&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/microtonal%20clarinet"&gt;Clarinets&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/Saxophones"&gt;Saxophones&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/Oboes"&gt;Oboes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextIncludeRule:00 --&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/Percussion"&gt;Percussion&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/mallet%20percussion"&gt;mallet keyboards&lt;/a&gt;: vibraphone, xylophone, &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/marimba"&gt;marimba&lt;/a&gt;, glockenspiel, crotales, lithophone, etc.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;tuned drums: timpani, rototoms, pat waing&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;bells: &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/carillon"&gt;carillon&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/Conic%20Bellophone%20in%2096edo"&gt;conic bellophone&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/tubulong"&gt;tubulong&lt;/a&gt;, amglocken, handbells, &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/zoomoozophone"&gt;zoomoozophone&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.ekmelic-music.org/en/instr/kk.htm" rel="nofollow"&gt;sound tower/sound cube&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;lamellophones: &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/kalimba%20%28mbira%29"&gt;kalimba (mbira)&lt;/a&gt;, marimbula&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;various? musical saw, wine glasses, &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/nail%20violin"&gt;nail violin&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/Microtonal%20Keyboards"&gt;Keyboards&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;span class="wiki_link_new"&gt;Piano&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class="wiki_link_new"&gt;Harpsichord&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class="wiki_link_new"&gt;Organ&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class="wiki_link_new"&gt;Clavichord, but also Synthesizers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/Free%20Reeds"&gt;Free Reeds&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/Harmonica"&gt;Harmonica&lt;/a&gt;, Reed Organs, Accordion, Melodica, Khaen, etc.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Do-It-Yourself / Junkmusic: &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/udderbot"&gt;udderbot&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/tubulong"&gt;tubulong&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://launch.groups.yahoo.com/group/oddmusic/message/17051" rel="nofollow"&gt;balloon flute&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://daxo.de" rel="nofollow"&gt;daxophone&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/Software"&gt;Software&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;</pre></div>
 
 
{{todo|inline=1|complete section|text=Add information about harpsichords, including microtonal harpsichords.}}
 
=== Bowed strings ===
* Fretted:
** [[Bowed strings|Viol family and other bowed fretted strings]] (viola da gamba, some types of violone, baryton, arpeggione, GuitarViol, fretted violin, etc.)
* Fretless:
** [[Bowed strings|Violin family]] (violin, viola, cello, bass, some types of violone, etc.)
** Others: [[Wikipedia:Huqin|huqin]], etc.
 
== Wind instruments ==
=== Brass instruments ===
* [[Flugelhorn]]
* [[Horn]]
* [[Trumpet]]
* [[Trombone]]
* Others: tuba, digeridoo, alphorn, etc.
 
=== Woodwind instruments ===
* Reedless:
** [[Flute]]
** [[Recorder]]
** [[Shakuhachi]]
** [[Whistle]]
** Others: khaen, some very small organs, etc.
* Reed:
** [[Bassoon]]/contrabassoon
** Oboe
** English horn
** Heckelphone/Lupophone
** [[Clarinet]]
** [[Harmonica]]
** [[Saxophone]]
** [[Fretless saxophone]]
** Others: reed organ, regal, accordion, melodica, etc.
* Combination:
** Organ (usually has both flue and reed stops, and may also have percussion stops, especially in the case of theatre organs)
 
 
{{todo|inline=1|complete section|text=Add organ information page including microtonal organs.}}
 
=== Others ===
* [http://launch.groups.yahoo.com/group/oddmusic/message/17051 Balloon flute]{{dead link}}
* [[Infinitone]]
* [[Udderbot]]
 
== Percussion instruments ==
* Mallet keyboards:
** [[Marimba]]
** Others: vibraphone, xylophone, glockenspiel, crotales, lithophone, etc.
* Tuned drums: timpani, rototoms, pat waing, etc.
* Bells:
**[[Conic Bellophone in 96edo|Conic bellophone]]
** [http://www.ekmelic-music.org/en/instr/kk.htm Sound tower/sound cube]{{dead link}}
**[[Tubulong]]
**[[Zoomoozophone]]
** Others: carillon, amglocken, handbells, etc.
* Lamellophones:
** [[Kalimba (mbira)]], marimbula
* Friction idiophones:
** [[Daxophone]]
** Others: musical saw, wine glasses, nail violin, etc.
* Hammered dulcimers (including [[wikipedia:yangqin|yangqin]] and lavachord, the latter of which also belongs to keyboard instruments)
** Finger-hammered dulcimers: [[harpejji]].
* [[Keyboard]]s: piano, tangent piano (including [[fluid piano]]), organ (when equipped with percussion stops), clavichord (including the Clavinet and its derivatives).
 
 
{{todo|inline=1|complete section|text=Add clavichord information page including microtonal derivatives of the Clavinet.}}
 
== Electronic instruments ==
* [[Software]], [[DAWs]], [[List of Microtonal Software Plugins|plugins]]
* Synthesizers:
** [[Lumatone]]
** [[SoMa Terra]]
** Others: see [[Keyboard#List of generalized keyboards]]
* [[Novation Launchpad]]
* [[Wikipedia:Ondes Martenot|Ondes Martenot]]
* [[Wikipedia:Theremin|Theremin]]
* [[Wikipedia:Trautonium|Trautonium]]
* Web browser-based on-screen keyboards:  
** [[User:SAKryukov#Microtonal Fabric|&ldquo;Microtonal Fabric&rdquo; family]]
** ReTuner: [https://www.facebook.com/retuner on facebook], [https://encyclotronic.com/apps/microtonal/retuner-r24 on Encyclotronic]{{dead link}}
 
== Tuning-agnostic instruments ==
These instruments can play in any microtonal scale out-of-the-box, because 12edo is not a part of their manufacture:
 
*[[Daxophone]]
* Fretless string instruments
** Fretless bass
** Fretless guitar
** Oud
** Violin, viola, cello, double bass (the string quartet is a whole tuning-agnostic ensemble)
* Musical saw
* String instruments with one pitch per string
** Hammered dulcimer (when provided with on-the-fly adjustable tuning mechanism, such as fluid dulcimer or the more modern versions of [[Wikipedia:Yangqin|Yangqin]])
* [[Wikipedia:Ondes Martenot|Ondes Martenot]]
* [[Wikipedia:Theremin|Theremin]]
* [[Wikipedia:Trautonium|Trautonium]]
* Wind instruments with a slide or other continuous pitch control
** Trombone
** [[Fretless saxophone]]
** [[Infinitone]]
** [[Udderbot]]
 
== See also ==
* [[List of xenharmonic fixed pitch instruments]]
 
== Further reading ==
* Hugh Davies/Alexander Bonus, [https://archive.org/details/grovedictionaryo0003unse_w4m2/page/459/ Microtonal instruments], The Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments, Second Edition, 2014
 
[[Category:Instruments| ]] <!-- main article -->