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{{Infobox ET}}
{{Infobox ET}}
{{EDO intro|38}}
{{ED intro}}


==Theory==
== Theory ==
Since 38 = 2*19, it can be thought of as two parallel [[19edo]]s. While the halving of the step size lowers [[consistency]] and leaves it only mediocre in terms of overall [[Relative_errors_of_small_EDOs|relative error]], the fact that the 3rd & 5th harmonics are flat by almost exactly the same amount, while the 11th is double that means there are quite a few near perfect composite ratios, such as the the [[6/5]] it shares with 19edo, plus [[11/9]], [[15/11]] & [[25/22]], (and their inversions) while a single step nears [[55/54]]. This gives several interesting possibilities for unusual near-just chords such as 15:18:22:25:30. It [[tempers out]] the same [[5-limit]] commas as 19edo, namely [[81/80]], [[3125/3072]] and [[15625/15552]]. In the [[7-limit]], we can add [[50/49]], and tempering out 81/80 and 50/49 gives [[injera]] temperament, for which 38 is the [[optimal patent val]]. In the [[11-limit]], we can add 121/120 and 176/175.  
Since {{nowrap|38 {{=}} 2 × 19}}, it can be thought of as two parallel [[19edo]]s. While the halving of the step size lowers [[consistency]] and leaves it only mediocre in terms of overall [[relative interval error|relative error]], the fact that the 3rd and 5th harmonics are flat by almost exactly the same amount, while the 11th is double that means there are quite a few near perfect composite ratios, such as the the [[6/5]] it shares with 19edo, plus [[11/9]], [[15/11]] & [[25/22]], (and their inversions) while a single step nears [[55/54]]; the approximation to [[11/9]] in particular should be noted for forming a 10-strong [[consistent circle]]. This gives several interesting possibilities for unusual near-just chords such as 15:18:22:25:30.  


In [[Warts|38df]], every [[prime interval]] from 3 to 19 is characterized by a flat intonation. Furthermore, the [[mapping]] of all [[19-odd-limit]] intervals in 38df aligns with their closest approximations in 38edo, excepting for 7/4 and 13/8, along with their octave complements 8/7 and 16/13, which are by definition mapped to their secondary optimal steps within 38df. In other words, all intervals within the 19-odd-limit are [[Consistency|consistent]] within the 38df [[val]] ⟨38 60 88 106 131 140 155 161].  
It [[tempering out|tempers out]] the same [[5-limit]] commas as 19edo, namely [[81/80]], [[3125/3072]] and [[15625/15552]]. In the [[7-limit]], we can add [[50/49]], and tempering out 81/80 and 50/49 gives [[injera]] temperament, for which 38 is the [[optimal patent val]]. In the [[11-limit]], we can add 121/120 and 176/175.  


The harmonic series from 1 to 20 is approximated within 38df by the sequence: 38 22 16 12 10 8 8 6 6 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3
Using the [[Warts|38df]] mapping, every [[prime interval]] from 3 to 19 is characterized by a flat intonation. Furthermore, the [[mapping]] of all [[19-odd-limit]] intervals in 38df aligns with their closest approximations in 38edo, excepting for 7/4 and 13/8, along with their octave complements 8/7 and 16/13, which are by definition mapped to their secondary optimal steps within 38df. In other words, all 19-odd-limit intervals are [[consistency|consistent]] within the 38df [[val]] {{val| 38 60 88 106 131 140 155 161 }}.
 
The harmonic series from 1 to 20 is approximated within 38df by the sequence: {{nowrap| 38 22 16 12 10 8 8 6 6 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 }}


[[File:Harmonic_series_38df.mp3]] [[:File:Harmonic_series_38df.mp3|[Harmonic series 2-20 in 38df]]]
[[File:Harmonic_series_38df.mp3]] [[:File:Harmonic_series_38df.mp3|[Harmonic series 2-20 in 38df]]]


=== Prime harmonics ===
{{Harmonics in equal|38}}
{{Harmonics in equal|38}}


== Intervals ==
== Intervals ==
{| class="wikitable center-1 right-2"
{| class="wikitable center-1 right-2"
|-
|-
! Step
! Step
! Cents
! Cents
!19-odd-limit ratios,
! 19-odd-limit ratios,<br>in 38df val
treated as 38df
! colspan="3" | [[Ups and downs notation]]*
! colspan="3" | [[Ups and Downs Notation]]*
([[Enharmonic unisons in ups and downs notation|EUs]]: vvA1 and vvd2)
|-
|-
| 0
| 0
| 0.0000
| 0.0
|
|
| Perfect 1sn
| Perfect 1sn
Line 31: Line 33:
|-
|-
| 1
| 1
| 31.5789
| 31.6
|
|
| Up 1sn
| Up 1sn
Line 38: Line 40:
|-
|-
| 2
| 2
| 63.1579
| 63.2
|
|
| Aug 1sn, dim 2nd
| Aug 1sn, dim 2nd
Line 45: Line 47:
|-
|-
| 3
| 3
| 94.7368
| 94.7
|[[20/19]], [[19/18]], [[18/17]], [[17/16]]
| [[20/19]], [[19/18]], [[18/17]], [[17/16]]
| Upaug 1sn, downminor 2nd
| Upaug 1sn, downminor 2nd
| ^A1, vm2
| ^A1, vm2
Line 52: Line 54:
|-
|-
| 4
| 4
| 126.3157
| 126.3
|[[16/15]], [[15/14]], [[14/13]], [[13/12]]
| [[16/15]], [[15/14]], [[14/13]], [[13/12]]
| Minor 2nd
| Minor 2nd
| m2
| m2
Line 59: Line 61:
|-
|-
| 5
| 5
| 157.8947
| 157.9
|[[12/11]], [[11/10]]
| [[12/11]], [[11/10]]
| Mid 2nd
| Mid 2nd
| ~2
| ~2
Line 66: Line 68:
|-
|-
| 6
| 6
| 189.4737
| 189.5
|[[10/9]], [[19/17]], [[9/8]]
| [[10/9]], [[19/17]], [[9/8]]
| Major 2nd
| Major 2nd
| M2
| M2
Line 73: Line 75:
|-
|-
| 7
| 7
| 221.0526
| 221.1
|[[17/15]]
| [[17/15]]
| Upmajor 2nd
| Upmajor 2nd
| ^M2
| ^M2
Line 80: Line 82:
|-
|-
| 8
| 8
| 252.6316
| 252.6
|[[8/7]], [[15/13]], [[22/19]], [[7/6]]
| [[8/7]], [[15/13]], [[22/19]], [[7/6]]
| Aug 2nd, Dim 3rd
| Aug 2nd, Dim 3rd
| A2, d3
| A2, d3
Line 87: Line 89:
|-
|-
| 9
| 9
| 284.2105
| 284.2
|[[20/17]], [[13/11]], [[19/16]]
| [[20/17]], [[13/11]], [[19/16]]
| Downminor 3rd
| Downminor 3rd
| vm3
| vm3
Line 94: Line 96:
|-
|-
| 10
| 10
| 315.7895
| 315.8
|[[6/5]]
| [[6/5]]
| Minor 3rd
| Minor 3rd
| m3
| m3
Line 101: Line 103:
|-
|-
| 11
| 11
| 347.3684
| 347.4
|[[17/14]], [[11/9]]
| [[17/14]], [[11/9]]
| Mid 3rd
| Mid 3rd
| ~3
| ~3
Line 108: Line 110:
|-
|-
| 12
| 12
| 378.9474
| 378.9
|[[16/13]], [[5/4]]
| [[16/13]], [[5/4]]
| Major 3rd
| Major 3rd
| M3
| M3
Line 115: Line 117:
|-
|-
| 13
| 13
| 410.5263
| 410.5
|[[24/19]], [[19/15]], [[14/11]]
| [[24/19]], [[19/15]], [[14/11]]
| Upmajor 3rd, Downdim 4th
| Upmajor 3rd, Downdim 4th
| ^M3, vd4
| ^M3, vd4
Line 122: Line 124:
|-
|-
| 14
| 14
| 442.1053
| 442.1
|[[9/7]], [[22/17]], [[13/10]]
| [[9/7]], [[22/17]], [[13/10]]
| Aug 3rd, dim 4th
| Aug 3rd, dim 4th
| A3, d4
| A3, d4
Line 129: Line 131:
|-
|-
| 15
| 15
| 473.6843
| 473.7
|[[17/13]]
| [[17/13]]
| Down 4th
| Down 4th
| v4
| v4
Line 136: Line 138:
|-
|-
| 16
| 16
| 505.2632
| 505.3
|[[4/3]]
| [[4/3]]
| Perfect 4th
| Perfect 4th
| P4
| P4
Line 143: Line 145:
|-
|-
| 17
| 17
| 536.8421
| 536.8
|[[19/14]], [[15/11]], [[26/19]], [[11/8]]
| [[19/14]], [[15/11]], [[26/19]], [[11/8]]
| Up 4th
| Up 4th
| ^4
| ^4
Line 150: Line 152:
|-
|-
| 18
| 18
| 568.4211
| 568.4
|[[18/13]], [[7/5]]
| [[18/13]], [[7/5]]
| Aug 4th
| Aug 4th
| A4
| A4
Line 157: Line 159:
|-
|-
| 19
| 19
| 600.0000
| 600.0
|[[24/17]], [[17/12]]
| [[24/17]], [[17/12]]
| Upaug 4th, downdim 5th
| Upaug 4th, downdim 5th
| ^A4, vd5
| ^A4, vd5
Line 164: Line 166:
|-
|-
| 20
| 20
| 631.5789
| 631.6
|[[10/7]], [[13/9]]
| [[10/7]], [[13/9]]
| Dim 5th
| Dim 5th
| d5
| d5
Line 171: Line 173:
|-
|-
| 21
| 21
| 663.1579
| 663.2
|[[16/11]], [[19/13]], [[22/15]], [[28/19]]
| [[16/11]], [[19/13]], [[22/15]], [[28/19]]
| Down 5th
| Down 5th
| v5
| v5
Line 178: Line 180:
|-
|-
| 22
| 22
| 694.7368
| 694.7
|[[3/2]]
| [[3/2]]
| Perfect 5th
| Perfect 5th
| P5
| P5
Line 185: Line 187:
|-
|-
| 23
| 23
| 726.3157
| 726.3
|[[26/17]]
| [[26/17]]
| Up 5th
| Up 5th
| ^5
| ^5
Line 192: Line 194:
|-
|-
| 24
| 24
| 757.8947
| 757.9
|[[20/13]], [[17/11]], [[14/9]]
| [[20/13]], [[17/11]], [[14/9]]
| Aug 5th, dim 6th
| Aug 5th, dim 6th
| A5, d6
| A5, d6
Line 199: Line 201:
|-
|-
| 25
| 25
| 789.4737
| 789.5
|[[11/7]], [[30/19]], [[19/12]]
| [[11/7]], [[30/19]], [[19/12]]
| Upaug 5th, downminor 6th
| Upaug 5th, downminor 6th
| ^A5, vm6
| ^A5, vm6
Line 206: Line 208:
|-
|-
| 26
| 26
| 821.0526
| 821.1
|[[8/5]], [[13/8]]
| [[8/5]], [[13/8]]
| Minor 6th
| Minor 6th
| m6
| m6
Line 213: Line 215:
|-
|-
| 27
| 27
| 852.6316
| 852.6
|[[18/11]], [[28/17]]
| [[18/11]], [[28/17]]
| Mid 6th
| Mid 6th
| ~6
| ~6
Line 220: Line 222:
|-
|-
| 28
| 28
| 884.2105
| 884.2
|[[5/3]]
| [[5/3]]
| Major 6th
| Major 6th
| M6
| M6
Line 227: Line 229:
|-
|-
| 29
| 29
| 915.7895
| 915.8
|[[32/19]], [[22/13]], [[17/10]]
| [[32/19]], [[22/13]], [[17/10]]
| Upmajor 6th
| Upmajor 6th
| ^M6
| ^M6
Line 234: Line 236:
|-
|-
| 30
| 30
| 947.3684
| 947.4
|[[12/7]], [[19/11]], [[26/15]], [[7/4]]
| [[12/7]], [[19/11]], [[26/15]], [[7/4]]
| Aug 6th, dim 7th
| Aug 6th, dim 7th
| A6, d7
| A6, d7
Line 241: Line 243:
|-
|-
| 31
| 31
| 978.9474
| 978.9
|[[30/17]]
| [[30/17]]
| Downminor 7th
| Downminor 7th
| vm7
| vm7
Line 248: Line 250:
|-
|-
| 32
| 32
| 1010.5263
| 1010.5
|[[16/9]], [[34/19]], [[9/5]]
| [[16/9]], [[34/19]], [[9/5]]
| Minor 7th
| Minor 7th
| m7
| m7
Line 255: Line 257:
|-
|-
| 33
| 33
| 1042.1053
| 1042.1
|[[20/11]], [[11/6]]
| [[20/11]], [[11/6]]
| Mid 7th
| Mid 7th
| ~7
| ~7
Line 262: Line 264:
|-
|-
| 34
| 34
| 1073.6843
| 1073.7
|[[24/13]], [[13/7]], [[28/15]], [[15/8]]
| [[24/13]], [[13/7]], [[28/15]], [[15/8]]
| Major 7th
| Major 7th
| M7
| M7
Line 269: Line 271:
|-
|-
| 35
| 35
| 1105.2632
| 1105.3
|[[32/17]], [[17/9]], [[36/19]], [[19/10]]
| [[32/17]], [[17/9]], [[36/19]], [[19/10]]
| Upmajor 7th, Downdim 8ve
| Upmajor 7th, Downdim 8ve
| ^M7, vd8
| ^M7, vd8
Line 276: Line 278:
|-
|-
| 36
| 36
| 1136.8421
| 1136.8
|
|
| Aug 7th, dim 8ve
| Aug 7th, dim 8ve
Line 283: Line 285:
|-
|-
| 37
| 37
| 1168.4211
| 1168.4
|
|
| Down 8ve
| Down 8ve
Line 290: Line 292:
|-
|-
| 38
| 38
| 1200.0000
| 1200.0
|
|
| Perfect 8ve
| Perfect 8ve
Line 296: Line 298:
| D
| D
|}
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Ups and downs may be substituted with semi-sharps and semi-flats, respectively
<nowiki/>* Ups and downs may be substituted with semi-sharps and semi-flats, respectively
 
== Notation ==
=== Ups and downs notation ===
Spoken as up, sharp, upsharp, etc. Note that up can be respelled as downsharp.
{{sharpness-sharp2a}}
 
=== Quarter-tone notation ===
Since a sharp raises by two steps, [[24edo#Notation|quarter-tone accidentals]] can also be used:
{{sharpness-sharp2}}
 
=== Sagittal notation ===
This notation uses the same sagittal sequence as EDOs [[17edo#Sagittal notation|17]], [[24edo#Sagittal notation|24]], and [[31edo#Sagittal notation|31]], is a subset of the notation for [[76edo#Sagittal notation|76-EDO]], and is a superset of the notation for [[19edo#Sagittal notation|19-EDO]].
 
==== Evo flavor ====
<imagemap>
File:38-EDO_Evo_Sagittal.svg
desc none
rect 80 0 300 50 [[Sagittal_notation]]
rect 300 0 679 80 [https://sagittal.org#periodic-table Periodic table of EDOs with sagittal notation]
rect 20 80 130 106 [[33/32]]
default [[File:38-EDO_Evo_Sagittal.svg]]
</imagemap>
 
==== Revo flavor ====
<imagemap>
File:38-EDO_Revo_Sagittal.svg
desc none
rect 80 0 300 50 [[Sagittal_notation]]
rect 300 0 703 80 [https://sagittal.org#periodic-table Periodic table of EDOs with sagittal notation]
rect 20 80 130 106 [[33/32]]
default [[File:38-EDO_Revo_Sagittal.svg]]
</imagemap>
 
==== Evo-SZ flavor ====
<imagemap>
File:38-EDO_Evo-SZ_Sagittal.svg
desc none
rect 80 0 300 50 [[Sagittal_notation]]
rect 300 0 631 80 [https://sagittal.org#periodic-table Periodic table of EDOs with sagittal notation]
rect 20 80 130 106 [[33/32]]
default [[File:38-EDO_Evo-SZ_Sagittal.svg]]
</imagemap>
 
Because it contains no Sagittal symbols, this Evo-SZ Sagittal notation is also a Stein-Zimmerman notation.
 
== Approximation to JI ==
=== Interval mappings ===
{{Q-odd-limit intervals}}


== Instruments ==
== Instruments ==
*[[Lumatone mapping for 38edo]]
* [[Lumatone mapping for 38edo]]
*[[Skip fretting system 38 2 11]]
* [[Skip fretting system 38 2 11]]


== Music ==
== Music ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cw1Cz1ojoSw Canon at the Semitone on The Mother's Malison Theme for Cor Anglais and Violin] by [[Claudi Meneghin]]
; [[Bryan Deister]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/shorts/rewy-32BfRs ''Spirit of the Night - Secret of Mana (microtonal cover in 38edo)''] (2025)
 
; [[Claudi Meneghin]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cw1Cz1ojoSw Canon at the Semitone on The Mother's Malison Theme for Cor Anglais and Violin] (2022)


[[Category:38edo| ]]  <!-- main article -->
[[Category:38edo| ]]  <!-- Main article -->
[[Category:Equal divisions of the octave|##]] <!-- 2-digit number -->
[[Category:Equal divisions of the octave|##]] <!-- 2-digit number -->
[[Category:Listen]]
[[Category:Listen]]
[[Category:Todo:add rank 2 temperaments table]]
[[Category:Todo:add rank 2 temperaments table]]
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