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<h2>IMPORTED REVISION FROM WIKISPACES</h2>
A '''large comma''' is a [[comma]] whose size is approximately 100 cents and larger. As intervals, these commas are steps or even skips.
This is an imported revision from Wikispaces. The revision metadata is included below for reference:<br>
: This revision was by author [[User:genewardsmith|genewardsmith]] and made on <tt>2015-07-25 13:24:48 UTC</tt>.<br>
: The original revision id was <tt>555733191</tt>.<br>
: The revision comment was: <tt></tt><br>
The revision contents are below, presented both in the original Wikispaces Wikitext format, and in HTML exactly as Wikispaces rendered it.<br>
<h4>Original Wikitext content:</h4>
<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html">


==3-limit commas==
For commas under 100 cents, see [[Medium comma]] for commas in between 30 and 100 cents or [[Small comma]] for commas under 30 cents. For commas under 3.5 cents, see [[Unnoticeable comma]].
||~ name(s) ||~ ratio ||~ monzo ||~ cents ||
|| apotome || [[2187_2048|2187 / 2048]] || | -11 7 &gt; || 113.685 ||
|| 19-comma ||  || | -30 19 &gt; || 137.145 ||
|| [[31 comma temperaments|31-comma]] || || | -49 31 &gt; || 160.605 ||
|| 43-comma ||  || | -68 43 &gt; || 184.065 ||
|| 22-comma ||  || | 35 -22 &gt; || 156.990 ||
|| 46-comma ||  || | 73 -46 &gt; || 110.070 ||
|| 63-comma ||  || | 100 -63 &gt; || 176.835 ||
|| 70-comma ||  || | 111 -70 &gt; || 63.150 ||
|| 77-comma ||  || | 122 -77 &gt; || 176.815 ||</pre></div>
<h4>Original HTML content:</h4>
<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;width:200%;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html">&lt;html&gt;&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;Large commas&lt;/title&gt;&lt;/head&gt;&lt;body&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:0:&amp;lt;h2&amp;gt; --&gt;&lt;h2 id="toc0"&gt;&lt;a name="x-3-limit commas"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:0 --&gt;3-limit commas&lt;/h2&gt;


&lt;table class="wiki_table"&gt;
Except for the 3-limit commas, the [[Color notation|color name]] refers to both the comma and the temperament created when it is [[tempered out]].
    &lt;tr&gt;
        &lt;th&gt;name(s)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/th&gt;
        &lt;th&gt;ratio&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/th&gt;
        &lt;th&gt;monzo&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/th&gt;
        &lt;th&gt;cents&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;apotome&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/2187_2048"&gt;2187 / 2048&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;| -11 7 &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;113.685&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;19-comma&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;| -30 19 &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;137.145&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/31%20comma%20temperaments"&gt;31-comma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;| -49 31 &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;160.605&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;43-comma&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;| -68 43 &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;184.065&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;22-comma&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;| 35 -22 &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;156.990&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;46-comma&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;| 73 -46 &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;110.070&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;63-comma&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;| 100 -63 &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;176.835&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;70-comma&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;| 111 -70 &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;63.150&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;77-comma&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;| 122 -77 &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;176.815&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;</pre></div>
The commas might be numerous, but there is no need to memorise all the names. For pretty much all use cases, it is perfectly acceptable – preferred, even – to just refer to a comma by the monzo or ratio, whichever is simpler.
 
== Disputed status ==
To varying degrees, the status of each of the commas on this page as "a comma" is disputed. Due to their large size in [[cents]], many of these commas lead to high-[[damage]] temperaments when tempered out. Which calls into question whether they can actually be used as commas.
 
Those which have a highly complex monzo and ratio tend to distribute their error more thinly across a wide number of [[JI]] intervals, making them more 'comma-like' than the others on this page. Some still dispute this due to their perhaps limited ability to make [[comma pump]]s. However they are more widely accepted than the ones on this page with simpler monzos and ratios.
 
== List of commas, by prime limit ==
===[[3-limit commas]]===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name(s)
! colspan="2" |[[Color notation|Color Name]]
! Ratio
! Monzo
! Cents
|-
| [[26-comma]]
| Wa-26
| w-26
| 2541865828329 / 2199023255552
| {{monzo| -41 26 }}
| 250.83
|-
| 27-comma
| Wa-27
| w-27
| 8796093022208 / 7625597484987
| {{monzo| 43 -27 }}
| 247.21
|-
| [[9/8|Pythagorean whole tone]]
| Wa 2nd
| w2
| 9 / 8
| {{monzo| -3 2 }}
| 203.91
|-
| 43-comma
| Wa-43
| w-43
|
| {{monzo| -68 43 }}
| 184.065
|-
| 63-comma
| Wa-63
| w-63
|
| {{monzo| 100 -63 }}
| 176.835
|-
| [[31st-octave temperaments|31-comma]]
| Wa-31
| w-31
| 617673396283947 / <br>562949953421312
| {{monzo| -49 31 }}
| 160.605
|-
| 22-comma
| Wa-22
| w-22
| 34359738368 / <br>31381059609
| {{monzo| 35 -22 }}
| 156.99
|-
| 19-comma
| Wa-19
| w-19
| 1162261467 / 1073741824
| {{monzo| -30 19 }}
| 137.145
|-
| [[2187/2048|Apotome]]
| Lawa
| Lw1
| 2187 / 2048
| {{monzo| -11 7 }}
| 113.685
|-
| 46-comma
| Wa-46
| w-46
|
| {{monzo| 73 -46 }}
| 110.07
|}
 
===[[5-limit commas]]===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name(s)
! colspan="2" |[[Color notation|Color Name]]
! Ratio
! Monzo
! Cents
|-
| [[Shallowtone comma]]
| Lalayobi
| LLy1
| 295245 / 262144
| {{monzo| -18 10 1 }}
| 205.864
|-
| Delorean
| Tribigu
| 6g3
| 17496 / 15625
| {{monzo| 3 7 -6 }}
| 195.803
|-
| 31-3/5-comma
| Thiwegu
| 31g7
|
| {{monzo| 23 31 -31 }}
| 184.88
|-
| [[10/9|Minor whole tone]], yo 2nd
| Yo
| y2
| 10 / 9
| {{monzo| 1 -2 1 }}
| 182.404
|-
| 5-cycle major second, hexadecathird comma
| Lala-quadquadyo
| LL16y-4
| 152587890625 / <br>137438953472
| {{monzo| -37 0 16 }}
| 181.019
|-
| [[Nadir comma]]
| Lalatrigu
| LL3g1
| 1162261467 / 1048576000
| {{monzo| -23 19 -3 }}
| 178.204
|-
|
| Legu
| 11g4
| [[53747712 / 48828125]]
| {{monzo| 13 8 -11 }}
| 166.189
|-
| Enipucrop
| Latriyobi
| L3y1
| 1125 / 1024
| {{monzo| -10 2 3 }}
| 162.851
|-
| [[800/729|Supersharp]]
| Sayoyo
| syy2
| 800 / 729
| {{monzo| 5 -6 2 }}
| 160.897
|-
| [[Nether comma]]
| Lala-gugu
| LLgg1
| 14348907 / 13107200
| {{monzo| -19 15 -2 }}
| 156.698
|-
| [[Rarity comma]]
| Quadla-theyo
| 4L13y-5
|
| {{monzo| -57 17 13 }}
| 155.313
|-
| Gorgo, laconic
| Latrigubi
| L3g2
| 2187 / 2000
| {{monzo| -4 7 -3 }}
| 154.744
|-
| [[2048/1875|Smate]], symbolic comma
| Saquadgu
| s4g3
| 2048 / 1875
| {{monzo| 11 -1 -4 }}
| 152.790
|-
| Acute limma
| Trila-neyobi
| 3L19y-5
| 19073486328125 / <br>17592186044416
| {{monzo| -44 0 19 }}
| 139.961
|-
| 31-15-comma
| Tritrila-thiweyo
| 9L31y-11
|
| {{monzo| -121 31 31 }}
| 136.33
|-
| [[177147/163840|Deeptone comma]], Tragicomma
| Lagu
| Lg1
| 177147 / 163840
| {{monzo| -15 11 -1 }}
| 135.191
|-
| [[27/25|Large limma]]
| Gugu
| gg2
| 27 / 25
| {{monzo| 0 3 -2 }}
| 133.238
|-
| 11-3/5-comma
| Leyo
| 11y-2
| 48828125 / 45349632
| {{monzo| -8 -11 11 }}
| 127.946
|-
| 27-3/5-comma
| Tritritrigu
| 27g6
|
| {{monzo| 20 27 -27 }}
| 122.315
|-
| Lemba
| Latribiyo
| L6y-2
| 140625 / 131072
| {{monzo| -17 2 6 }}
| 121.792
|-
| 87-15-comma
|
|
|
| {{monzo| 340 -87 -87 }}
| 120.622
|-
| [[3125/2916|Sixix comma]]
| Quinyo
| 5y1
| 3125 / 2916
| {{monzo| -2 -6 5 }}
| 119.839
|-
| Diesma
| Lathegu
| L13g3
| 10460353203 / <br>9765625000
| {{monzo| -3 21 -13 }}
| 118.977
|-
| Comic comma
| Saquadyobi
| s4y2
| 5120000 / 4782969
| {{monzo| 13 -14 4 }}
| 117.885
|-
| [[16/15|Just diatonic semitone]]
| Gubi
| g2
| 16 / 15
| {{monzo| 4 -1 -1 }}
| 111.731
|-
| Beatles
| Sasa-gugu
| ssgg3
| 524288 / 492075
| {{monzo| 19 -9 -2 }}
| 109.778
|-
| 300-3/5-comma
|
|
|
| {{monzo| -221 -300 300 }}
| 107.614
|-
| Wronecki
| Latribigu
| L6g2
| 531441 / 500000
| {{monzo| -5 12 -6 }}
| 105.578
|-
| [[Wesley comma]]
| Lasepyobi
| L7y-2
| 78125 / 73728
| {{monzo| -13 -2 7 }}
| 100.286
|}
 
=== 7-limit commas ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name(s)
! colspan="2" |[[Color notation|Color Name]]
! Ratio
! Monzo
! Cents
|-
| [[Antidilemma]]
| Sasa-theruquad
| ss13r-2
| 137438953472 / 96889010407
| {{monzo| 37 0 0 -13 }}
| 605.263
|-
| [[Dilemma]]
| Lala-thezoquad
| LL13z9
| 96889010407 / 68719476736
| {{monzo| -36 0 0 13 }}
| 594.737
|-
| [[8/7|Septimal major second]], supermajor second,
augmented whole-tone, ru 2nd
| Rubi
| r2
| 8 / 7
| {{monzo| 3 0 0 -1 }}
| 231.174
|-
| Hexatone comma, 6-7-comma
| Satribiru
| s6r-2
| 131072 / 117649
| {{monzo| 17 0 0 -6 }}
| 187.045
|-
| 45-7/5-comma
| Quintritriruyo
| 45ry-27
|
| {{monzo| 22 0 45 -45 }}
| 186.951
|-
| 63-35-comma
| Tritribila-septritrizoyo
| 18L63zy8
|
| {{monzo| -323 0 63 63 }}
| 173.796
|-
| 8-21-comma
| Lala-quadbizo
| LL8z4
| 37822859361 / <br>34359738368
| {{monzo| -35 8 0 8 }}
| 166.247
|-
| 46-7-comma
| Sepla-twethebizobi
| 7L46z18
|
| {{monzo| -129 0 0 46 }}
| 165.992
|-
| 25-7/5-comma
| Quinquinzogu
| 25zg17
|
| {{monzo| -12 0 -25 25 }}
| 162.805
|-
| 43-21-comma
| Quadtrisa-fotherubi
| 12s43r-11
|
| {{monzo| 189 -43 0 -43 }}
| 156.421
|-
| [[35/32|Septimal neutral second]], 35th harmonic
| Zoyo
| zy2
| 35 / 32
| {{monzo| -5 0 1 1 }}
| 155.140
|-
| 43-7/5-comma
| Fotheruyo
| 43ry-26
|
| {{monzo| 21 0 43 -43 }}
| 151.976
|-
| [[49/45|Swetismic neutral second]]
| Zozogu
| zzg3
| 49 / 45
| {{monzo| 0 -2 -1 2 }}
| 147.428
|-
| [[160/147]]
| Ruruyobi
| rry1
| 160 / 147
| {{monzo| 5 -1 1 -2 }}
| 146.707
|-
| Hendecatone comma, 11-7-comma
| Sasa-leru
| ss11r-4
| 2147483648 / 1977326743
| {{monzo| 31 0 0 -11 }}
| 142.915
|-
| [[243/224|Septimal subtone]]
| Larubi
| Lr1
| 243 / 224
| {{monzo| -5 5 0 -1 }}
| 140.949
|-
| 55-35-comma
| Quadquadla-lequinzoyobi
| 16L55zy7
|
| {{monzo| -282 0 55 55 }}
| 132.679
|-
| 27-7/5-comma
| Tritritrizogu
| 27zg18
|
| {{monzo| -13 0 -27 27 }}
| 127.829
|-
| 41-7-comma
| Tribila-fowezo
| 6L41z16
|
| {{monzo| -115 0 0 41 }}
| 121.862
|-
| 13-21-comma
| Quadla-thezobi
| 4L13z5
|
| {{monzo| -57 13 0 13 }}
| 120.152
|-
| [[15/14|Major diatonic semitone]]
| Ruyo
| ry1
| 15 / 14
| {{monzo| -1 1 1 -1 }}
| 119.443
|-
| [[Primate comma]]
| Saru
| sr2
| 16384 / 15309
| {{monzo| 14 -7 0 -1 }}
| 117.489
|-
| 41-7/5-comma
| Foweruyo
| 41ry-25
|
| {{monzo| 20 0 41 -41 }}
| 117
|-
| 7-35-comma
| Sasa-seprugu
| ss7rg1
| 68719476736 / <br>64339296875
| {{monzo| 36 0 -7 -7 }}
| 114.023
|-
| 38-21-comma
| Lesa-nebiru
| 11s38r-10
|
| {{monzo| 167 -38 0 -38 }}
| 110.326
|-
| [[729/686|Triru comma]]
| Triru
| 3r-2
| 729 / 686
| {{monzo| -1 6 0 -3 }}
| 105.252
|}
 
=== 11-limit commas ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name(s)
! colspan="2" |[[Color notation|Color Name]]
! Ratio
! Monzo
! Cents
|-
| 11-cycle major second prote, 33-11-comma
| Quinla-letrilobi
| 5L33(1o)-7
|
| {{monzo| -114 0 0 0 33 }}
| 193.492
|-
| 4/5-tone, Ptolemy's second
| Logu
| 1og2
| [[11/10|11 / 10]]
| {{monzo| -1 0 -1 0 1 }}
| 165.004
|-
| 11-enipucrop, 9-11-comma
| Latritrilo
| L9(1o)-2
| 2357947691 / 2147483648
| {{monzo| -31 0 0 0 9 }}
| 161.862
|-
| 3/4-tone, undecimal neutral second
| Lu
| 1u2
| [[12/11|12 / 11]]
| {{monzo| 2 1 0 0 -1 }}
| 150.637
|-
| [[Secor|Undecimal secor]]
| Lozo
| 1oz2
| [[77/72|77 / 72]]
| {{monzo| -3 -2 0 1 1 }}
| 116.234
|}
 
=== 13-limit commas ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name(s)
! colspan="2" |[[Color notation|Color Name]]
! Ratio
! Monzo
! Cents
|-
| 13-cycle neutral second
| Quadbila-fithethobi
| 8L53(3o)7
|
| {{monzo| -196 0 0 0 0 53 }}
| 147.966
|-
| Large tridecimal 2/3-tone, tridecimal neutral second
| Tho
| 3o2
| [[13/12|13 / 12]]
| {{monzo| -2 -1 0 0 0 1 }}
| 138.573
|-
| Small tridecimal 2/3-tone, tridecimal limma, trienthird
| Thuzo
| 3uz2
| [[14/13|14 / 13]]
| {{monzo| 1 0 0 1 0 -1 }}
| 128.298
|-
| Heptasixth comma, 13-cycle secor
| Sasepthu
| s7(3u)1
| 67108864 / 62748517
| {{monzo| 26 0 0 0 0 -7 }}
| 116.306
|-
| Heptadecasixth comma, neutral thirteenth comma
| Sasa-sethubi
| ss17(3u)-2
|
| {{monzo| 63 0 0 0 0 -17 }}
| 111.030
|}
 
=== 17-limit commas ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name(s)
! colspan="2" |[[Color notation|Color Name]]
! Ratio
! Monzo
! Cents
|-
| 17-limit rational eventone
| Sogubi
| 17og3
| [[17/15|17 / 15]]
| {{monzo| 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 1 }}
| 216.687
|-
| 17th harmonic
| Iso
| 17o2
| [[17/16|17 / 16]]
| {{monzo| -4 0 0 0 0 0 1 }}
| 104.955
|}
 
=== 19-limit commas ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name(s)
! colspan="2" |[[Color notation|Color Name]]
! Ratio
! Monzo
! Cents
|-
| 19-cycle meantone prima
| Tribila-foweno
| 6L41(19o)13
|
| {{monzo| -174 0 0 0 0 0 0 41 }}
| 198.034
|-
| Undevicesimal rational meantone
| Nosu
| 19o17u2
| [[19/17|19 / 17]]
| {{monzo| 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 1 }}
| 192.558
|-
| 19-cycle meantone secunda
| Tribila-quintritrino
| 6L45(19o)14
|
| {{monzo| -191 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 }}
| 188.086
|-
| 19-cycle minor tone
| Sepla-sepsepno
| 7L49(19o)15
|
| {{monzo| -208 0 0 0 0 0 0 49 }}
| 178.138
|-
| Undevicesimal rational submajor second
| Nuzo
| 19uz2
| [[21/19|21 / 19]]
| {{monzo| 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 -1 }}
| 173.268
|-
| 19-cycle submajor second
| Quadbila-fithenobi
| 8L53(19o)16
|
| {{monzo| -225 0 0 0 0 0 0 53 }}
| 168.190
|-
| [[81/76|Dog comma]]
| Inu
| 19u1
| 81 / 76
| {{monzo| -2 4 0 0 0 0 0 -1 }}
| 110.307
|}
 
=== 23-limit commas ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name(s)
! colspan="2" |[[Color notation|Color Name]]
! Ratio
! Monzo
! Cents
|-
| Large vicesimotertial neutral second
| Twethoru
| 23or2
| [[23/21|23 / 21]]
| 3.7.23 {{monzo| -1 -1 1 }}
| 157.493
|-
| Small vicesimotertial neutral second
| Twethuyoyo
| 23uyy1
| [[25/23|25 / 23]]
| 5.23 {{monzo| 2 -1 }}
| 144.353
|-
| 69th harmonic
| Twetho
| 23o2
| [[69/64|69 / 64]]
| 2.3.23 {{monzo| -6 1 1 }}
| 130.229
|}
 
=== Higher-limit commas ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name(s)
! colspan="2" |[[Color notation|Color Name]]
! Ratio
! Monzo
! Cents
|-
| 29th subharmonic
| Twenu
| 29u2
| [[32/29|32 / 29]]
| 2.29 {{monzo| 5 -1 }}
| 170.423
|-
| [[47/44]]
| Fosolu
| 47o1u2
| 47 / 44
| 2.11.47 {{monzo| -2 -1 1 }}
| 114.189
|}
 
[[Category:Large commas| ]] <!-- main article -->
[[Category:Lists of commas]]
{{todo|complete table|add color name}}
Retrieved from "https://en.xen.wiki/w/Large_comma"