Horn - Revision history

Naren: Add links to recording and score for Horn by Larry Polansky

2026-08-07T18:32:03Z

Add links to recording and score for Horn by Larry Polansky

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:32, 7 August 2026
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	* [[György Ligeti]]'s ''[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00008UVCE/103-4149462-7074248?v=glance&n=5174 Hamburg Concerto]'' "for horn & chamber orchestra with 4 obbligato natural horns"		* [[György Ligeti]]'s ''[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00008UVCE/103-4149462-7074248?v=glance&n=5174 Hamburg Concerto]'' "for horn & chamber orchestra with 4 obbligato natural horns"
	* ''Epilogue'' (1985) from ''Les Espaces Acoustiques'' by Gerard Grisey is for orchestra with 4 solo horns, in a (crystallized) harmonic-series paradigm		* ''Epilogue'' (1985) from ''Les Espaces Acoustiques'' by Gerard Grisey is for orchestra with 4 solo horns, in a (crystallized) harmonic-series paradigm
	* ''Horn'' by Larry Polansky, score featured in Xenharmonikon 14		* ''[https://artifactrecordings.bandcamp.com/track/horn Horn]'' by Larry Polansky, [https://eamusic.dartmouth.edu/~larry/scores/horn.pdf score] featured in Xenharmonikon 14
	* [https://www.soundclick.com/pro/view/01/default.cfm?bandid=104245 Joseph Pehrson's] ''Harmonic Etude'' for solo horn, ''Nature's Harmony'' for two horns		* [https://www.soundclick.com/pro/view/01/default.cfm?bandid=104245 Joseph Pehrson's] ''Harmonic Etude'' for solo horn, ''Nature's Harmony'' for two horns
	* [http://www.archive.org/details/JeffMorrisEtudeforHorn Jeff Morris' Etude for Horn]		* [http://www.archive.org/details/JeffMorrisEtudeforHorn Jeff Morris' Etude for Horn]

FloraC at 05:54, 7 August 2026

2026-08-07T05:54:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:54, 7 August 2026
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	{{Wikipedia\|Horn\|French horn}}		{{Wikipedia\|Horn (instrument)\|French horn}}

	A '''horn''' is a brass instrument with a conical bore.		A '''horn''' is a brass instrument with a conical bore.

FloraC: + Wikipedia box; fix dead links; grammar & style; - redundant whitespaces

2026-08-07T04:19:28Z

+ Wikipedia box; fix dead links; grammar & style; - redundant whitespaces

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:19, 7 August 2026
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			{{Wikipedia\|Horn\|French horn}}

	A '''horn''' is a brass instrument with a conical bore.		A '''horn''' is a brass instrument with a conical bore.

	A ''natural horn'' has no valves, and can only play a series of overtones, which are near the [[harmonic series]].		A ''natural horn'' has no valves, and can only play a series of overtones, which are near the [[harmonic series]]. The player can adjust the pitch of the note by placing their hand in the bell. In [[historical temperaments\|19th century]] technique, notes near the 7th and 11th [[harmonic]]s were often written and could be finagled with different hand placements. Even a [[diatonic scale\|C major scale]] in the lower octave could be negotiated. There was no avoiding an certain unevenness of tone, however.
	The player can adjust the pitch of the note by placing their hand in the bell.
	In [[~~Historical~~ temperaments\|19th century]] technique, notes near the 7th and 11th [[harmonic]]s were often written and could be finagled with different hand placements.
	Even a [[~~Diatonic~~ scale\|C major scale]] in the lower octave could be negotiated.
	There was no avoiding an certain unevenness of tone, however.

	~~To satiate the modulatory desires of classical composers, horns were soon made with a system of interchangeable ''crooks'' which, when inserted, would give a variety of keys.~~
	~~But this only encouraged the composers, and soon they were writing parts for two pairs of horns in different keys.~~
	~~Instrument builders tried in many ways to combine multiple keys into a single horn, settling finally on the rotary valve system prevalent in horns today~~.

	~~==Valves==~~		To satiate the modulatory desires of classical composers, horns were soon made with a system of interchangeable ''crooks'' which, when inserted, would give a variety of keys. But this only encouraged the composers, and soon they were writing parts for two pairs of horns in different keys. Instrument builders tried in many ways to combine multiple keys into a single horn, settling finally on the rotary valve system prevalent in horns today.
	~~On a valved horn, there are three valves which~~ the ~~fingers~~ of ~~the left hand operates. The first valve causes the effective tube length to lengthen enough to lower the [[fundamental]] by a whole step (200¢). The second valve does the same~~, ~~only by~~ a ~~half step (100¢)~~, ~~and the third~~, a ~~minor third (300¢)~~. ~~In combinations these valves can lower~~ the ~~fundamental by up~~ to a ~~[[tritone]]~~.

	~~A ''double~~ horn'', on the ~~other~~ hand~~, has~~ a ~~thumb~~ valve ~~which switches between two keys~~, ~~usually Bb and F. It does this~~ by ~~adding/subtracting an initial length of tubing~~ and ~~also~~ (~~usually~~) ~~with different lengths of tubes for~~ the ~~valves~~.		== Valves ==
			On a valved horn, there are three valves which the fingers of the left hand operates. The first valve causes the effective tube length to lengthen enough to lower the [[fundamental]] by a whole step (~200{{c}}). The second valve does the same, only by a half step (~100{{c}}), and the third, a minor third (~300{{c}}). In combinations these valves can lower the fundamental by up to a [[tritone]].

	~~==Microtonal playing==~~		A ''double horn'', on the other hand, has a thumb valve which switches between two keys, usually B♭ and F. It does this by adding/subtracting an initial length of tubing and also (usually) with different lengths of tubes for the valves.
	~~Horns are naturally microtonal since they play overtones.~~
	~~Harmonics relatively low in~~ the ~~harmonic series (such as 7~~, 11 and 13) ~~can thus be played quite easily.~~
	~~Usually, players make hand adjustments to get their harmonic-series notes closer to equal temperament~~.

	~~So-called double horns (F horns with a Bb valve), go extremely sharp in the higher non-Bb-valve partials; the valve is used to get the upper register in tune~~. ~~This means that these kinds of horns actually have a huge variety of intonation~~ in the ~~upper register through various combinations of valves. More than other brass instruments which are typically designed to have in-tune partials~~, and thus ~~don't need that extra valve for tuning~~ their ~~high ranges~~.		== Microtonal playing ==
			Horns are naturally microtonal since they play overtones. Harmonics relatively low in the harmonic series (such as 7, 11 and 13) can thus be played quite easily. Usually, players make hand adjustments to get their harmonic-series notes closer to the equal temperament.

	~~[[John Eaton]] has this useful tip from [http://www~~.~~newmusicbox~~.~~org/page.nmbx?id=17fp02 an interview~~ in ~~NewMusicBox]:~~ tune ~~the F side a quartertone lower than the Bb side!~~		So-called double horns (F horns with a B♭ valve), go extremely sharp in the higher non-B♭-valve partials; the valve is used to get the upper register in tune. This means that these kinds of horns actually have a huge variety of intonation in the upper register through various combinations of valves. More than other brass instruments which are typically designed to have in-tune partials, and thus do not need that extra valve for tuning their high ranges.

	=~~=Extended valve systems==~~		[[John Eaton]] has this useful tip from [https://web.archive.org/web/20110604130232/http://www.newmusicbox.org/page.nmbx?id=17fp02 an interview in NewMusicBox]: tune the F side a quartertone lower than the B♭ side!

	[[George Secor]] especially has done some thinking about valve systems extended to alternate ~~EDOs~~.		== Extended valve systems ==
	See the bottom of [http://~~sonic-arts~~.~~org~~/monzo/trumpet/trumpet-intonation.~~htm this page.~~]		[[George Secor]] especially has done some thinking about valve systems extended to alternate edos. See the bottom of [http://tonalsoft.com/monzo/trumpet/trumpet-intonation.aspx ''Intonation of the valve trumpet''] There are no cases of actual horns built yet.
	No cases of actual horns built yet.

	==Microtonal repertoire==		== Microtonal repertoire ==
	* Benjamin Britten's Serenade for Tenor, Horn, and Strings (Op. 31, 1943) - The prologue and epilogue movements are for solo horn and employ harmonics 6-12, in one of the earliest usages of just intonation in classical concert literature		* Benjamin Britten's Serenade for Tenor, Horn, and Strings (Op. 31, 1943) - The prologue and epilogue movements are for solo horn and employ harmonics 6-12, in one of the earliest usages of just intonation in classical concert literature
	* [[György Ligeti]]'s ''[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00008UVCE/103-4149462-7074248?v=glance&n=5174 Hamburg Concerto]'' "for horn & chamber orchestra with 4 obbligato natural horns"		* [[György Ligeti]]'s ''[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00008UVCE/103-4149462-7074248?v=glance&n=5174 Hamburg Concerto]'' "for horn & chamber orchestra with 4 obbligato natural horns"

Fredg999: Text replacement - "György Ligeti" to "György Ligeti"

2026-08-06T20:19:10Z

Text replacement - "György Ligeti" to "György Ligeti"

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:19, 6 August 2026
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	==Microtonal repertoire==		==Microtonal repertoire==
	* Benjamin Britten's Serenade for Tenor, Horn, and Strings (Op. 31, 1943) - The prologue and epilogue movements are for solo horn and employ harmonics 6-12, in one of the earliest usages of just intonation in classical concert literature		* Benjamin Britten's Serenade for Tenor, Horn, and Strings (Op. 31, 1943) - The prologue and epilogue movements are for solo horn and employ harmonics 6-12, in one of the earliest usages of just intonation in classical concert literature
	* György Ligeti's ''[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00008UVCE/103-4149462-7074248?v=glance&n=5174 Hamburg Concerto]'' "for horn & chamber orchestra with 4 obbligato natural horns"		* [[György Ligeti]]'s ''[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00008UVCE/103-4149462-7074248?v=glance&n=5174 Hamburg Concerto]'' "for horn & chamber orchestra with 4 obbligato natural horns"
	* ''Epilogue'' (1985) from ''Les Espaces Acoustiques'' by Gerard Grisey is for orchestra with 4 solo horns, in a (crystallized) harmonic-series paradigm		* ''Epilogue'' (1985) from ''Les Espaces Acoustiques'' by Gerard Grisey is for orchestra with 4 solo horns, in a (crystallized) harmonic-series paradigm
	* ''Horn'' by Larry Polansky, score featured in Xenharmonikon 14		* ''Horn'' by Larry Polansky, score featured in Xenharmonikon 14

Xenjacob: /* Microtonal repertoire */ add Britten's Serenade

2026-08-06T15:27:23Z

Microtonal repertoire: add Britten's Serenade

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:27, 6 August 2026
Line 32:		Line 32:

	==Microtonal repertoire==		==Microtonal repertoire==
			* Benjamin Britten's Serenade for Tenor, Horn, and Strings (Op. 31, 1943) - The prologue and epilogue movements are for solo horn and employ harmonics 6-12, in one of the earliest usages of just intonation in classical concert literature
	* György Ligeti's ''[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00008UVCE/103-4149462-7074248?v=glance&n=5174 Hamburg Concerto]'' "for horn & chamber orchestra with 4 obbligato natural horns"		* György Ligeti's ''[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00008UVCE/103-4149462-7074248?v=glance&n=5174 Hamburg Concerto]'' "for horn & chamber orchestra with 4 obbligato natural horns"
	* ''Epilogue'' (1985) from ''Les Espaces Acoustiques'' by Gerard Grisey is for orchestra with 4 solo horns, in a (crystallized) harmonic-series paradigm		* ''Epilogue'' (1985) from ''Les Espaces Acoustiques'' by Gerard Grisey is for orchestra with 4 solo horns, in a (crystallized) harmonic-series paradigm

Sintel: cleanup, tone (needs alot more work)

2025-05-06T19:42:46Z

cleanup, tone (needs alot more work)

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:42, 6 May 2025
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	~~==What in tarnation~~ is a ~~"horn"?==~~		A '''horn''' is a brass instrument with a conical bore.

	~~I<span style="font-size: 80%; vertical-align: super;">~~[[~~microtonal_horn#note1~~\|~~(1)~~]]~~</span> mean~~ a ~~conical-bore brass instrument buzzed with~~ the ~~lips~~. ~~But not a tuba~~.		A ''natural horn'' has no valves, and can only play a series of overtones, which are near the [[harmonic series]].
			The player can adjust the pitch of the note by placing their hand in the bell.
			In [[Historical temperaments\|19th century]] technique, notes near the 7th and 11th [[harmonic]]s were often written and could be finagled with different hand placements.
			Even a [[Diatonic scale\|C major scale]] in the lower octave could be negotiated.
			There was no avoiding an certain unevenness of tone, however.

	~~We can speak~~ of ''~~natural horns~~'' and ~~''valved~~ horns''. ~~Natural horns have no valves~~, ~~and are naturally near~~ the ~~[[harmonic series]]~~ in ~~their series of tones:~~		To satiate the modulatory desires of classical composers, horns were soon made with a system of interchangeable ''crooks'' which, when inserted, would give a variety of keys.
			But this only encouraged the composers, and soon they were writing parts for two pairs of horns in different keys.
			Instrument builders tried in many ways to combine multiple keys into a single horn, settling finally on the rotary valve system prevalent in horns today.

	~~(fancypants graphic 1)~~		==Valves==
			On a valved horn, there are three valves which the fingers of the left hand operates. The first valve causes the effective tube length to lengthen enough to lower the [[fundamental]] by a whole step (200¢). The second valve does the same, only by a half step (100¢), and the third, a minor third (300¢). In combinations these valves can lower the fundamental by up to a [[tritone]].
	In [[Historical temperaments\|19th century]] technique, notes near the 7th and 11th [[harmonic]]s were often written and could be finagled with different hand placements; even a [[Diatonic scale\|C major scale]] in the lower octave could be negotiated. There was no avoiding an certain unevenness of tone, however.

	To satiate the modulatory desires of classical composers, horns were soon made with a system of interchangeable ''crooks'' which, when inserted, would give a variety of keys. But this only encouraged the composers, and soon they were writing parts for two pairs of horns in different keys. Instrument builders tried in many ways to combine multiple keys into a single horn, settling finally on the rotary valve system prevalent in horns today.

	==~~So how does it work?~~==

	~~Well~~, there are three valves which the fingers of the left hand operates. The first valve causes the effective tube length to lengthen enough to lower the [[fundamental]] by a whole step (200¢). The second valve does the same, only by a half step (100¢), and the third, a minor third (300¢). In combinations these valves can lower the fundamental by up to a [[tritone]].

	~~So, the situation for a ''single F horn'' is something like this:~~

	~~(fancypants graphic 2)~~

	A ''double horn'', on the other hand, has a thumb valve which switches between two keys, usually Bb and F. It does this by adding/subtracting an initial length of tubing and also (usually) with different lengths of tubes for the valves.		A ''double horn'', on the other hand, has a thumb valve which switches between two keys, usually Bb and F. It does this by adding/subtracting an initial length of tubing and also (usually) with different lengths of tubes for the valves.

	==~~How can a horn play microtonal?~~==		==Microtonal playing==
			Horns are naturally microtonal since they play overtones.
	~~Hah! How~~ can ~~a horn ''not'' play microtonal? Horn~~ players ~~do a lot of~~ hand ~~adjusting~~ to get their harmonic-series notes closer to equal temperament. If they were convinced to stop doing this, and also to play the harmonics that they usually don't (namely 7, 11, and 13), the horn might theoretically be capable of such a scale (notated in [[72-edo]]):		Harmonics relatively low in the harmonic series (such as 7, 11 and 13) can thus be played quite easily.
			Usually, players make hand adjustments to get their harmonic-series notes closer to equal temperament.
	~~(fancypants graphic 3)~~

	~~On the other hand, a horn player ''can'' do a lot with his/her hand. How much? (fancypants sound file!)~~

	So-called double horns (F horns with a Bb valve), go extremely sharp in the higher non-Bb-valve partials; the valve is used to get the upper register in tune. This means that these kinds of horns actually have a huge variety of intonation in the upper register through various combinations of valves. More than other brass instruments which are typically designed to have in-tune partials, and thus don't need that extra valve for tuning their high ranges.		So-called double horns (F horns with a Bb valve), go extremely sharp in the higher non-Bb-valve partials; the valve is used to get the upper register in tune. This means that these kinds of horns actually have a huge variety of intonation in the upper register through various combinations of valves. More than other brass instruments which are typically designed to have in-tune partials, and thus don't need that extra valve for tuning their high ranges.

	~~Do you like [[quartertone]]s?~~ [[John Eaton]] has this useful tip from [http://www.newmusicbox.org/page.nmbx?id=17fp02 an interview in NewMusicBox]: tune the F side a quartertone lower than the Bb side!		[[John Eaton]] has this useful tip from [http://www.newmusicbox.org/page.nmbx?id=17fp02 an interview in NewMusicBox]: tune the F side a quartertone lower than the Bb side!

	==~~That's not good enough! We need new instruments!~~==		==Extended valve systems==

	~~You're right!~~ [[George Secor]] especially has done some thinking about valve systems extended to alternate EDOs. See the bottom of [http://sonic-arts.org/monzo/trumpet/trumpet-intonation.htm this page.] No cases of actual horns built~~...~~yet.		[[George Secor]] especially has done some thinking about valve systems extended to alternate EDOs.
			See the bottom of [http://sonic-arts.org/monzo/trumpet/trumpet-intonation.htm this page.]
			No cases of actual horns built yet.

	==~~What existing music features the horn in a particularly microtonal way?~~==		==Microtonal repertoire==
	* György Ligeti's ''[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00008UVCE/103-4149462-7074248?v=glance&n=5174 Hamburg Concerto]'' "for horn & chamber orchestra with 4 obbligato natural horns"		* György Ligeti's ''[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00008UVCE/103-4149462-7074248?v=glance&n=5174 Hamburg Concerto]'' "for horn & chamber orchestra with 4 obbligato natural horns"
	* ''Epilogue'' (1985) from ''Les Espaces Acoustiques'' by Gerard Grisey is for orchestra with 4 solo horns, in a (crystallized) harmonic-series paradigm		* ''Epilogue'' (1985) from ''Les Espaces Acoustiques'' by Gerard Grisey is for orchestra with 4 solo horns, in a (crystallized) harmonic-series paradigm
Line 54:		Line 48:

	== See also ==		== See also ==
	* [[Michael Hugh Dixon]] ~~(aka~~ the Brass Whisperer)		* [[Michael Hugh Dixon]] a.k.a. the Brass Whisperer

	~~== Notes ==~~
	<ol><li>[[Jacob Barton]], I<span style="font-size: 80%; vertical-align: super;">[[microtonal_horn#note2\|(2)]]</span><span style="line-height: 1.5;"> think</span></li><li><span style="line-height: 1.5;">[[Mike Battaglia]]</span></li></ol>

	== Further reading ==		== Further reading ==

Xenjacob: /* What existing music features the horn in a particularly microtonal way? */

2025-01-22T14:20:38Z

What existing music features the horn in a particularly microtonal way?

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:20, 22 January 2025
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	==What existing music features the horn in a particularly microtonal way?==		==What existing music features the horn in a particularly microtonal way?==
	* György Ligeti's ''[~~http~~://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00008UVCE/103-4149462-7074248?v=glance&n=5174 Hamburg Concerto]'' "for horn & chamber orchestra with 4 obbligato natural horns"		* György Ligeti's ''[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00008UVCE/103-4149462-7074248?v=glance&n=5174 Hamburg Concerto]'' "for horn & chamber orchestra with 4 obbligato natural horns"
	* ''Epilogue'' (1985) from ''Les Espaces Acoustiques'' by Gerard Grisey is for orchestra with 4 solo horns, in a (crystallized) harmonic-series paradigm		* ''Epilogue'' (1985) from ''Les Espaces Acoustiques'' by Gerard Grisey is for orchestra with 4 solo horns, in a (crystallized) harmonic-series paradigm
	* ''Horn'' by Larry Polansky, score featured in Xenharmonikon 14		* ''Horn'' by Larry Polansky, score featured in Xenharmonikon 14
	* [~~http~~://www.soundclick.com/pro/view/01/default.cfm?bandid=104245 Joseph Pehrson's] ''Harmonic Etude'' for solo horn, ''Nature's Harmony'' for two horns		* [https://www.soundclick.com/pro/view/01/default.cfm?bandid=104245 Joseph Pehrson's] ''Harmonic Etude'' for solo horn, ''Nature's Harmony'' for two horns
	* [http://www.archive.org/details/JeffMorrisEtudeforHorn Jeff Morris' Etude for Horn]		* [http://www.archive.org/details/JeffMorrisEtudeforHorn Jeff Morris' Etude for Horn]
	* Richard Burdick's [http://www.i-ching-music.com/FREE102.html opus 102 Planetary Ripples] (1996) for 16 similar instruments, on a harmonic series up to the 27th partial		* Richard Burdick's [http://www.i-ching-music.com/FREE102.html opus 102 Planetary Ripples] (1996) for 16 similar instruments, on a harmonic series up to the 27th partial
Line 51:		Line 51:
	* Salonen, Esa-Pekka (1958-) [http://www.chesternovello.com/ Concert Étude for solo horn in F] (2000)		* Salonen, Esa-Pekka (1958-) [http://www.chesternovello.com/ Concert Étude for solo horn in F] (2000)
	* Thompson, Timothy F. (1953-) [http://www.proquest.com/ Extended Techniques for the Horn An Historial Overview With pratical performance Applications] (1997)		* Thompson, Timothy F. (1953-) [http://www.proquest.com/ Extended Techniques for the Horn An Historial Overview With pratical performance Applications] (1997)
			* Adam Hoey, ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGHjDEqdSEw A Breaking Spine]'' (2023) for solo horn and 3 cellos

	== See also ==		== See also ==

BudjarnLambeth at 09:14, 24 December 2024

2024-12-24T09:14:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:14, 24 December 2024
Line 59:		Line 59:

	== Further reading ==		== Further reading ==
	* Secor, George D. "An Approach to the Construction of Microtonal Valved Brass Instruments - The French Horn", ''Xenharmonikôn'' vol. 5, spring 1976, pp. 1-3.		* Secor, George D. "An Approach to the Construction of Microtonal Valved Brass Instruments - The French Horn", ''[[Xenharmonikôn]]'' vol. 5, spring 1976, pp. 1-3.
	* Whaley, David Robert. ''The Microtonal Capability of the Horn''. D.M.A. thesis, University of Illinois, 1975, 154 pages. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor MI, 1975.		* Whaley, David Robert. ''The Microtonal Capability of the Horn''. D.M.A. thesis, University of Illinois, 1975, 154 pages. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor MI, 1975.
	* Heim, David Bruce. ''Practical Tuning, Temperament and Conditioning for Hornists and Other Wind Instrumentalists: Understanding and attaining intonational flexibility in musical performance''. Master thesis, University of Tulsa, 1990.		* Heim, David Bruce. ''Practical Tuning, Temperament and Conditioning for Hornists and Other Wind Instrumentalists: Understanding and attaining intonational flexibility in musical performance''. Master thesis, University of Tulsa, 1990.

	[[Category:Instruments]]		[[Category:Instruments]]

BudjarnLambeth: Links

2024-12-24T06:34:20Z

Links

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:34, 24 December 2024
Line 3:		Line 3:
	I<span style="font-size: 80%; vertical-align: super;">[[microtonal_horn#note1\|(1)]]</span> mean a conical-bore brass instrument buzzed with the lips. But not a tuba.		I<span style="font-size: 80%; vertical-align: super;">[[microtonal_horn#note1\|(1)]]</span> mean a conical-bore brass instrument buzzed with the lips. But not a tuba.

	We can speak of ''natural horns'' and ''valved horns''. Natural horns have no valves, and are naturally near the harmonic series in their series of tones:		We can speak of ''natural horns'' and ''valved horns''. Natural horns have no valves, and are naturally near the [[harmonic series]] in their series of tones:

	(fancypants graphic 1)		(fancypants graphic 1)

	In 19th century technique, notes near the 7th and 11th ~~harmonics~~ were often written and could be finagled with different hand placements; even a C major scale in the lower octave could be negotiated. There was no avoiding an certain unevenness of tone, however.		In [[Historical temperaments\|19th century]] technique, notes near the 7th and 11th [[harmonic]]s were often written and could be finagled with different hand placements; even a [[Diatonic scale\|C major scale]] in the lower octave could be negotiated. There was no avoiding an certain unevenness of tone, however.

	To satiate the modulatory desires of classical composers, horns were soon made with a system of interchangeable ''crooks'' which, when inserted, would give a variety of keys. But this only encouraged the composers, and soon they were writing parts for two pairs of horns in different keys. Instrument builders tried in many ways to combine multiple keys into a single horn, settling finally on the rotary valve system prevalent in horns today.		To satiate the modulatory desires of classical composers, horns were soon made with a system of interchangeable ''crooks'' which, when inserted, would give a variety of keys. But this only encouraged the composers, and soon they were writing parts for two pairs of horns in different keys. Instrument builders tried in many ways to combine multiple keys into a single horn, settling finally on the rotary valve system prevalent in horns today.
Line 13:		Line 13:
	==So how does it work?==		==So how does it work?==

	Well, there are three valves which the fingers of the left hand operates. The first valve causes the effective tube length to lengthen enough to lower the fundamental by a whole step (200¢). The second valve does the same, only by a half step (100¢), and the third, a minor third (300¢). In combinations these valves can lower the fundamental by up to a tritone.		Well, there are three valves which the fingers of the left hand operates. The first valve causes the effective tube length to lengthen enough to lower the [[fundamental]] by a whole step (200¢). The second valve does the same, only by a half step (100¢), and the third, a minor third (300¢). In combinations these valves can lower the fundamental by up to a [[tritone]].

	So, the situation for a ''single F horn'' is something like this:		So, the situation for a ''single F horn'' is something like this:
Line 23:		Line 23:
	==How can a horn play microtonal?==		==How can a horn play microtonal?==

	Hah! How can a horn ''not'' play microtonal? Horn players do a lot of hand adjusting to get their harmonic-series notes closer to equal temperament. If they were convinced to stop doing this, and also to play the harmonics that they usually don't (namely 7, 11, and 13), the horn might theoretically be capable of such a scale (notated in 72-edo):		Hah! How can a horn ''not'' play microtonal? Horn players do a lot of hand adjusting to get their harmonic-series notes closer to equal temperament. If they were convinced to stop doing this, and also to play the harmonics that they usually don't (namely 7, 11, and 13), the horn might theoretically be capable of such a scale (notated in [[72-edo]]):

	(fancypants graphic 3)		(fancypants graphic 3)
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	So-called double horns (F horns with a Bb valve), go extremely sharp in the higher non-Bb-valve partials; the valve is used to get the upper register in tune. This means that these kinds of horns actually have a huge variety of intonation in the upper register through various combinations of valves. More than other brass instruments which are typically designed to have in-tune partials, and thus don't need that extra valve for tuning their high ranges.		So-called double horns (F horns with a Bb valve), go extremely sharp in the higher non-Bb-valve partials; the valve is used to get the upper register in tune. This means that these kinds of horns actually have a huge variety of intonation in the upper register through various combinations of valves. More than other brass instruments which are typically designed to have in-tune partials, and thus don't need that extra valve for tuning their high ranges.

	Do you like ~~quartertones~~? John Eaton has this useful tip from [http://www.newmusicbox.org/page.nmbx?id=17fp02 an interview in NewMusicBox]: tune the F side a quartertone lower than the Bb side!		Do you like [[quartertone]]s? [[John Eaton]] has this useful tip from [http://www.newmusicbox.org/page.nmbx?id=17fp02 an interview in NewMusicBox]: tune the F side a quartertone lower than the Bb side!

	==That's not good enough! We need new instruments!==		==That's not good enough! We need new instruments!==

	You're right! George Secor especially has done some thinking about valve systems extended to alternate EDOs. See the bottom of [http://sonic-arts.org/monzo/trumpet/trumpet-intonation.htm this page.] No cases of actual horns built...yet.		You're right! [[George Secor]] especially has done some thinking about valve systems extended to alternate EDOs. See the bottom of [http://sonic-arts.org/monzo/trumpet/trumpet-intonation.htm this page.] No cases of actual horns built...yet.

	==What existing music features the horn in a particularly microtonal way?==		==What existing music features the horn in a particularly microtonal way?==
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	== Notes ==		== Notes ==
	<ol><li>Jacob Barton, I<span style="font-size: 80%; vertical-align: super;">[[microtonal_horn#note2\|(2)]]</span><span style="line-height: 1.5;"> think</span></li><li><span style="line-height: 1.5;">Mike Battaglia</span></li></ol>		<ol><li>[[Jacob Barton]], I<span style="font-size: 80%; vertical-align: super;">[[microtonal_horn#note2\|(2)]]</span><span style="line-height: 1.5;"> think</span></li><li><span style="line-height: 1.5;">[[Mike Battaglia]]</span></li></ol>

	== Further reading ==		== Further reading ==

Fredg999: Cleanup, add 1 see also link, categories

2023-03-07T07:09:23Z

Cleanup, add 1 see also link, categories

@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 ==What existing music features the horn in a particularly microtonal way?==
-<ul><li>György Ligeti's ''[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00008UVCE/103-4149462-7074248?v=glance&n=5174 Hamburg Concerto]'' "for horn &amp; chamber orchestra with 4 obbligato natural horns"</li><li>''Epilogue'' (1985) from ''Les Espaces Acoustiques'' by Gerard Grisey is for orchestra with 4 solo horns, in a (crystallized) harmonic-series paradigm</li><li>''Horn'' by Larry Polansky, score featured in Xenharmonikon 14</li><li>[http://www.soundclick.com/pro/view/01/default.cfm?bandid=104245 Joseph Pehrson's] ''Harmonic Etude'' for solo horn, ''Nature's Harmony'' for two horns</li><li>[http://www.archive.org/details/JeffMorrisEtudeforHorn Jeff Morris' Etude for Horn]</li><li>Richard Burdick's [http://www.i-ching-music.com/FREE102.html opus 102 Planetary Ripples] (1996) for 16 similar instruments, on a harmonic series up to the 27th partial</li><li>[http://www.roberthasegawa.com/ Robert Hasegawa]: ''the clear architecture of the nerves'' (2000)</li><li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px;">Bozza, Eugène (1905-1991) [http://www.alphonseleduc.com/ Dix-Huit Etudes en forme d'Improvisation pour Cor](1961)</span><span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);">microtonal writing on ¼ and ¾ tones</span></li><li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px;">Grabois, Daniel (1964-) [http://www.danielgrabois.com/ Quarter Tone Manual for French Horn] (2010) </span>
+* György Ligeti's ''[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00008UVCE/103-4149462-7074248?v=glance&n=5174 Hamburg Concerto]'' "for horn &amp; chamber orchestra with 4 obbligato natural horns"
-<span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);">These etudes were written for gradually practicing microtonal notation.</span></li><li>Kotulan, Jaroslav (1937-) [http://www.bohne-schulz.de/ 28 Moderne etüden für waldhorn, heft 2] (1995)</li><li>Matosinhos, Ricardo - [http://www.ricardomatosinhos.com/12etudes.html 12 Jazzy Etudes for Horn] (2010) two of these etudes use quarter tones</li><li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px;">Salonen, Esa-Pekka (1958-) [http://www.chesternovello.com/ Concert Étude for solo horn in F] (2000)</span></li><li>Thompson, Timothy F. (1953-) [http://www.proquest.com/ Extended Techniques for the Horn An Historial Overview With pratical performance Applications] (1997)</li></ul>
+== See also ==
-==Further reading==
+* [[Michael Hugh Dixon]] (aka the Brass Whisperer)
-==Notes==
+== Notes ==
 <ol><li>Jacob Barton, I<span style="font-size: 80%; vertical-align: super;">[[microtonal_horn#note2|(2)]]</span><span style="line-height: 1.5;"> think</span></li><li><span style="line-height: 1.5;">Mike Battaglia</span></li></ol>